R  \THBTJN 

Decat>od  Crustaceans  from  the 
Panama  Region. 


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SMITHSONIAN  INSTITl  I 
UNITED  STATES  NATIO  KUM 

Bulletin  103 


CONTRIBUTIONS  TO  THE  GEOLOGY  AND  PALEON- 
TOLOGY OF  THE  CANAL   ZONE,  PANAMA,  AND 
GEOLOGICALLY   RELATED   AREAS   IN  CI 
TRAL  AMERICA  AND  THE  WEST  INDIES 


DECAPOD  CRUSTACEANS  FROM  THE 
PANAMA  REGION 


By  MARY  J.  RATHBUN 
Associate  in  Zoology,  United  States  National  Museum 


Eitract  from  Bulletin  103,  pages  123-184,  with  Plates  54-6 


WASHINGTON 

GOVERNMENT  PRINTING  OFFICE 
1918 


SMITHSONIAN  INSTITUTION 

UNITED  STATES  NATIONAL  MUSEUM 
Bulletin  103 


CONTRIBUTIONS  TO  THE  GEOLOGY  AND  PALEON- 
TOLOGY OF  THE  CANAL  ZONE,  PANAMA,  AND 
GEOLOGICALLY   RELATED   AREAS   IN   CEN- 
TRAL AMERICA  AND  THE  WEST  INDIES 


DECAPOD  CRUSTACEANS  FROM  THE 
PANAMA  REGION 


By  MARY  J.  RATH  BUN 

Associate  in  Zoology,  United  States  National  Museum, 


Eitract  from  Bulletin  103,  pages  123-184,  with  Plates  54-66 


WASHINGTON 

GOVERNMENT  PRINTING  OFFICE 
1918 


Q  E  LIBRARY 

UNIVERSITY  OF  CALIFORNIA 
SANTA  BARBARA 

D3 


DECAPOD  CRUSTACEANS  FROM  THE  PANAMA 
REGION. 


By  MARY  J.  RATHBUN, 

Associate  in  Zoology,  United  States  National  Museum. 


INTRODUCTION. 

Fifty-eight  species  of  Decapods  are  enumerated  from  the  collec- 
tions examined  by  the  author.  Three  species  described  by  other 
authors  are  inserted  in  systematic  order,  thus  making  the  list  com- 
plete to  date  for  the  Panama  region.  All  the  available  material 
in  the  United  States  National  Museum  from  Panama  and  Costa  Rica 
is  included ;  it  ranges  in  age  from  the  Oligocene  (Culebra  formation) 
to  the  Pleistocene. 

In  the  list  of  stations  and  the  table  of  distribution  the  data  relat- 
ing to  Cirripedia  from  Dr.  H.  A.  Pilsbry's  report  are  included  for 
convenience  of  reference. 

The  literature  on  Panama  Tertiary  Decapods  is  so  scanty  that  it 
is  not  surprising  that  nearly  all  of  the  forms  now  examined  prove  to 
be  new.  Six  species  previously  described  from  living  forms  are  here 
recorded  from  the  Pleistocene  (4  species)  or  the  Pliocene  (2  spe- 
cies). Thirty-nine  species  are  described  as  new,  three  are  types  of 
new  genera,  and  one  of  these  is  the  type  of  a  new  family,  the  Ga- 
tuniidae.  This  is  an  extremely  large  and  massive  crab  and  combines 
the  characters  of  the  well-known  Recent  families,  the  Cancridae  and 
the  Portunidae.  The  most  remarkable  occurrence  is  that  of  a  mem- 
ber of  the  Hexapodinae,  that  subfamily  of  the  Goneplacidae  in  which 
the  legs  of  the  last  pair  are  wanting.  This  is  a  small  group  of  Recent 
crabs  containing  5  genera  and  8  species,  and  is  strictly  Indo-Pacific. 
The  species  from  the  Oligocene  of  Panama  is  the  first  one  observed 
in  a  fossil  state.  Many  other  genera  dealt  with  in  this  report  have 
never  before  been  found  fossil.  Such  are  Pachycheles,  Petrolisthes, 
Axius,  Hepatus,  Mursia.,  Leiwosttia,  Euphylax,  Heteractaea,  Eury- 
tiitm,  Euryplax;  and  Cardisoma. 

As  in  all  large  collections  of  fossil  crustaceans  there  are  a  number 
of  fragments  whose  position  is  problematic.  Some  of  these  can  be 
determined  as  to  genera,  others  as  to  family  only. 

8370e— 18— Bull.  103 9  123 


124  BULLETIN   103,  UNITED  STATES   NATIONAL  MUSEUM. 

LITERATURE  ON  TERTIARY  DECAPODS   OF  PANAMA. 

BOUVIER,  E.  L.  Calappa  Zurcheri,  Crabe  nouveau  des  terrains  mio- 
cenes  de  Panama.  Bull.  Mns.  Hist.  Nat.  Paris,  vol.  5,  1899.  pp. 
189-192,  1  text-fig. 

Calappa  zurcheri  is  not  represented  in  the  United  States  Geological  Survey 
collections. 

TOTJLA,  FRANZ.  Die  jungtertiare  Fauna  von  Gatun  am  Panama- 
kanal.  II.  Teil.  Jahrbuch  der  k.  k.  Geolog.  Reichsanstalt. 
Wien,  vol.  61,  1911,  pp.  487-530  (1-44),  pis.  30,  31  (1,  2). 

The  herrnit-crab  (Petrochirus)  noted  and  figured  by  Toula  (p.  511,  pi.  30,  fig. 
13)  I  have  ventured  to  describe  as  a  new  species,  combining  as  it  does  the  char- 
acters of  the  two  nearly  related  Recent  species  which  inhabit  opposite  sides  of 
the  continent.  The  "  Krabbenscheren  "  of  Toula  (p.  512,  pi.  30,  fig.  14)  are  de- 
scribed below  as  a  species  of  Callianassa,  C.  toulai. 

BROWN,  AMOS  P.,  and  PILSBRY,  HENRY  A.  Fauna  of  the  Gatun  For- 
mation, Isthmus  of  Panama.  II.  Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila- 
delphia, vol.  64,  Dec.  1912  (publ.  Jan.  30, 1913),  pp.  500-519,  pis. 
22-26. 

The  author  is  indebted  to  Dr.  H.  A.  Pilsbry  for  the  loan  of  the  specimens  of 
Callianassa  in  the  collection  of  the  Philadelphia  Academy  of  Natural  Sciences 
which  were  described  by  Brown  and  Pilsbry.  They  have  been  critically  com- 
pared with  those  collected  by  the  United  States  Geological  Survey. 

LIST  OF  STATIONS  FROM  WHICH  MATERIAL  HAS  BEEN  EXAMINED, 
ARRANGED  FROM  THE  EARLIEST  TO  THE  LATEST,  WITH  THE 
SPECIES  FOUND  AT  EACH. 

Station  6012a.* — Panama  Canal  Zone.  One-quarter  mile  south  of 
Empire  Bridge.  From  lower  dark  clay  beneath  lower  conglomerate. 
Culebra  formation  (lower  part).  Oligocene  series.  Collectors. 
D.  F.  MacDonald  and  T.  W.  Vaughan;  1911.  Balanus  (Hesperi- 
balanus?),  species.  Callianassa  lacunosa  Eathbun. 

Station  6010. — Panama  Canal  Zone.  Near  Panama  Canal  Station 
"1910,"  north  of  Pedro  Miguel  locks.  From  dark  clay.  Culebra 
formation  (lower  part).  Oligocene  series.  Collectors,  D.  F.  Mac- 
Donald  and  T.  W.  Vaughan;  1911.  Mursia  obscura  Rathbun. 

Specimens  in  Museum,  Academy  of  Natural  Sciences,  Philadel- 
phia.— Panama  Canal  Zone.  Las  Cascadas  section,  Gaillard  Cut. 
Lignitic  layers  about  65  feet  below  the  base  of  Pecten  bed  at  Tower 
N.  Culebra  formation  (central  part).  Oligocene  series.  Collector, 
Prof.  William  B.  Scott;  1911.  Callianassa  scotti  Brown  and  Pils- 
bry. Callianassa  spinulosa  Rathbun.  Callianassa  quadrata  Rath- 
bun. 

1  The  station  numbers  refer  to  the  station  book  of  Cenozoic  Invertebrate  fossils  of  th& 
United  States  National  Museum. 


GEOLOGY  AND  PALEONTOLOGY  OF  THE  CANAL  ZONE.     125 

Station  60191. — Panama  Canal  Zone.  Las  Cascadas  section,  Gail- 
iard  Cut.  Four  feet  of  dark,  stratified  tuff  and  clay  immediately 
overlying  the  lower  limestone  bed.  Culebra  formation  (upper  part). 
Oligocene  series.  Collectors,  D.  F.  MacDonald  and  T.  W.  Vaughan ; 
1911.  Callianassa  scotti  Brown  and  Pilsbry.  CalUnectes,  species, 
Panopeus,  species. 

Specimen  in  Musewm,  Academy  of  Natural  Sciences,  Philadel- 
phia.— Costa  Rica.  Probably  Culebra  formation.  Oligocene  series: 
labeled  "Miocene."  Collector.  W.  M.  Gabb.  Callianassa  scotti 
Brown  and  Pilsbry. 

Station  6019c. — Panama  Canal  Zone.  Las  Cascadas  section.  Gail- 
lard  Cut.  Lower  part  of  lime-cemented  soft  gray  to  olive-colored 
limestone,  with  central  parting  of  dark  clay.  The  first  hard,  limy 
sandstone  bed  above  the  lower  limestone  and  just  above  60196. 
Culebra  formation  (upper  part).  Oligocene  series.  Collectors, 
D.  F.  MacDonald  and  T.  TV.  Vaughan;  1911.  -  Callianassa  vaughani 
Rathbun  (probably).  Callianassa  f,  species.  Hepatus,  species. 

Station  6019e. — Panama  Canal  Zone.  Las  Cascadas  section,  Gail- 
lard  Cut.  Third  hard  sandstone  bed  from  bottom.  Culebra  forma- 
tion (upper  part).  Oligocene  series.  Collectors,  D.  F.  MacDonald 
and  T.  W.  Vaughan ;  1911.  Callianassa  stridens  Rathbun. 

Station  6012c.— Panama  Canal  Zone.  GaiUard  Cut.  Top  part  of 
limy  sandstone  below  upper  conglomerate,  near  foot  of  stairs. 
Culebra  formation  (upper  part).  Oligocene  series.  Collectors, 
D.  F.  MacDonald  and  T.  W.  Vaughan;  1911.  Natantia,  family, 
genus,  and  species  indeterminable.  Callianassa,  species.  CaUinectes^ 
species.  Euryplax  culebrensis  Rathbun. 

Station  6020a. — Panama  Canal  Zone.  Las  Cascadas  section, 
Gaillard  Cut.  Lowest  fossiliferous  bed.  Third  bed  below  lowest 
limestone  beds  separated  by  rows  of  nodules.  Culebra  formation 
(lower  part  of  upper  half).  Oligocene  series.  Collectors,  D.  F. 
MacDonald  and  T.  W.  Vaughan;  1911.  Balanus  (Hesperiba- 
lanus?).  sp.  Axivs  reticulatm  Rathbun.  Callianassa  ovalis  Rath- 
bun.  CaUianassa  elongata  Rathbun.  Callianassa  crassimana  Rath- 
bun.  Callianassa  spinulosa  Rathbun.  CaUianassa  quadrata  Rath- 
bun.  Callianassa  abbreviata  Rathbun.  Callianassa  magna  Rath- 
bun.  Goniochele  f  armata  Rathbun.  Calappella  quadrispina  Rath- 
bun.  CalUnectes  reticulatus  Rathbun.  Thaumastoplax  prima  Rath- 
bun.  Brachyrhyncha,  family,  genus,  and  two  species  indeterminable. 

Station  6025.— Panama  Canal  Zone.  About  200  yards  south  of 
southern  end  of  switch  at  Bohio  Ridge  station,  relocated  line  Panama 
Railroad.  Foraminiferal  marl  and  coarse  sandstone.  Culebra  for- 
mation (upper  part).  Oligocene  series.  Collectors,  D.  F.  Mac- 
Donald  and  T.  W.  Vaughan:  1911.  Carpilius,  species. 


126  BULLETIN   103,  UNITED  STATES   NATIONAL  MUSEUM. 

Station  6019g. — Panama  Canal  Zone.  Las  Cascadas  section,  Gail- 
lard  Cut.  Fifth  or  topmost  limestone.  Emperador  limestone.  Oli- 
gocene  series.  Collectors,  D.  F.  MacDonald  and  T.  W.  Vaughan; 
1911.  Macrobrachium,  species.  Callianassa  tenuis  Rathbun.  Mur- 
sm  macdonaldi  Rathbun.  Parthenope  panamensis  Rathbun. 

Station  6003. — Panama  Canal  Zone.  Gatun  section  A,  bed  A  (bot- 
tom, of  section).  Gatun  formation  (lower  part).  Miocene  series. 
Collector,  D.  F.  MacDonald.  Callianmxa  crassa  Rathbun. 

Station  6029a. — Panama  Canal  Zone.  One-fourth  to  one-half  mile 
beyond  Camp  Cotton  toward  Monte  Lirio.  From  lowest  horizon  in 
big  cut.  Gatun  formation  (lower  part).  Miocene  series.  Col- 
lectors, D.  F.  MacDonald  and  T.  W.  Vaughan;  1911.  Galluinassa 
vaughani  Rathbun. 

Station  G033b. — Panama  Canal  Zone.  Gatun  section.  Upper  part 
of  lowest  bed.  Gatun  formation.  Miocene  series.  Collectors,  D.  F. 
MacDonald  and  T.  W.  Vaughan;  1911.  Lepas  injudicata  Pilsbry. 
!  Gatunia  proavita  Rathbun. 

Station  6030. — Panama  Canal  Zone.  One  and  one-half  to  2  miles 
beyond  Camp  Cotton  toward  Monte  Lirio.  From  85-foot  cut  on 
north  side  of  big  swamp  on  relocated  line,  P.  R.  R.  Gatun  formation. 
Miocene  series.  Collectors,  D.  F.  MacDonald  and  T.  W.  Vaughan: 
1911.  Balanus  concavus  rariseptatus  Pilsbry.  Callianassa  vaughani 
Rathbun  Gatunia  proamta  Rathbun. 

Station  5900. — Panama  Canal  Zone.  Gatun  Locks.  Gatun  forma- 
tion. Miocene  series.  Collector,  D.  F.  MacDonald;  May,  1911: 
Gatunia  proavita  Rathbun. 

Catalogue  No.  113706,  U.S.N.M.— Panama  Canal  Zone.  Near  Ga- 
tun. Gatun  f  ormation  ( ? ) .  Miocene  series.  Labeled  "Miocene.-' 
Collector,  Rev.  J.  Rowell.  Gatunia  proavita  Rathbun. 

Station  5659. — Panama  Canal  Zone.  Near  Gatun  Dam.  Gatun 
formation.  Miocene  series.  Collector,  one  of  the  workmen ;  shipped 
by  D.  F.  MacDonald;  1911.  Gatunia  proavita  Rathbun. 

Catalogue  No.  135218,  U.S.N.M.— Panama  Canal  Zone.  Gatun 
beds.  Gatun  formation.  Miocene  series.  Collector,  R.  T.  Hill. 
Callianassa  Jiilli  Rathbun. 

Catalogue  No.  135219,  U.S.N.M.— Panama  Canal  Zone.  Gatun 
beds.  Gatun  formation.  Miocene  series.  Collector,  R.  T.  Hill. 
Mursilia  ecristata  Rathbun. 

Station  5882k. — Costa  Ricn.  Banana  River:  tenth  fossiliferous 
zone  below  the  uppermost  one  of  the  section.  Probably  equivalent 
to  Gatun  formation.  Miocene  series.  Collector,  D.  F.  MacDonald; 
1911.  Euphylax  fortis  Rathbun. 

Station  5882 j. — Costa  Rica.  Banana  River;  ninth  fossiliferous 
zone  below  the  uppermost  one  of  the  section.  Probably  equivalent  to 
Gatun  formation.  Miocene  series.  Collector,  D.  F.  MacDonald; 
1911.  Euphylax  callinectias  Rathbun. 


GEOLOGY  AND  PALEONTOLOGY   OF   THE   CANAL  ZONE.  127 

Station  588%i. — Costa  Kica.  Banana  River;  eighth  fossiliferous 
zone  below  the  uppermost  one  of  the  section.  Probably  equivalent 
to  Gatun  formation.  Miocene  series.  Collector,  D.  F.  MacDonald; 
1911.  Callinectes  declivis  Rathbun. 

Station  5882h. — Costa  Rica.  Banana  River;  seventh  fossiliferous 
zone  below  the  uppermost  one  of  the  section.  Probably  equivalent  to 
Gatun  formation.  Miocene  series.  Collector.  D.  F.  MacDonald; 
1911.  Leucosilia  bananensis  Rathbun. 

Station  5882g. — Costa  Rica.  Banana  River;  sixth  fossiliferous 
zone  below  the  uppermost  one  of  the  section.  Probably  equivalent  to 
Gatun  formation.  Miocene  series.  Collector.  D.  F.  MacDonald; 
1911.  Leucosilia  bananensis  Rathbun. 

Station  588% f. — Costa  Rica.  Banana  River:  fifth  fossiliferous 
zone  below  the  uppermost  one  of  the  section.  Probably  equivalent  to 
Gatun  formation.  Miocene  series.  Collector,  D.  F.  MacDonald; 
1911.  Leucosilia  bananensis  Rathbun. 

Catalogue  No.  321$87,  U.S.N.M.—Cost&  Rica.  Moin  Hill,  near 
Limon.  Probably  equivalent  to  Gatun  formation.  Miocene  series. 
Collector,  H.  Pittier.  Callianassa  moinensis  Rathbun. 

Station  oSSJfd. — Costa  Rica.  Moin  Hill;  third  fossiliferous  zone 
below  the  uppermost;  just  above  level  of  the  rails  in  railway  cut. 
Probably  equivalent  to  Gatun  formation.  Miocene  series.  Col- 
lector, D.  F.  MacDonald;  1911.  Callianassa  moinensis  Rathbun. 

Station  5906a. — Panama  Canal  Zone.  Chagres  River,  50  to  75  feet 
below  those  of  (17c)  "5905"  in  lighter  colored  limestone  according 
to  incomplete  evidence.  Pliocene  series.  Collector,  D.  F.  Mac- 
Donald;  May,  1911.  Balanus  glyptopoma  Pilsbry. 

Station  5903. — Panama  Canal  Zone.  From  across  Chagres  River 
and  probably  220  to  225  feet  above  level  of  river,  top  of  hill  opposite 
Alhajuela.  Gray  tufaceous  limestone.  Pliocene  series.  Collector. 
D.  F.  MacDonald;  May,  1911.  Balanus  glyptopoma  Pilsbry. 

Station  4269. — Costa  Rica.  City  of  Port  Limon.  Port  Limon 
formation.  Pliocene  series.  Collector,  Dr.  L.  A.  Wailes.  Pa- 
chycheles  lotus  Rathbun.  Petrolisthes  avitus  Rathbun.  Calappa 
costaricana  Rathbun.  Heteractaea  lunata  (Milne  Edwards  and 
Lucas).  Cardisoma  guanhumi  Latreille. 

Station  5886. — Mexico.  From  the  Sayula  District  of  Chiapas. 
On  the  Arroyo  Chapapoapam.  Pliocene  series.  Collectors,  Dr. 
C.  W.  Hayes  and  others,  1911.  Balanus  glyptopoma  Pilsbry. 

Station  6038. — Panama  Canal  Zone.  From  black  mud  from  lower 
end  of  Gatun  Locks.  Pleistocene  series.  Collector,  D.  F.  MacDon- 
ald; 1911.  Balanus  eburneus  Gould. 


128  BULLETIN   103,   UNITED   STATES   NATIONAL  MUSEUM. 

Station  5867. — Panama  Canal  Zone.  From  dark  mud  formation, 
about  10  feet  above  present  sea  level,  near  lower  end  of  Gatun  Locks. 
Pleistocene  series.  Collector,  D.  F.  MacDonald;  April,  1911.  Ba- 
lanus  eburneus  Gould. 

Station  5868. — Panama  Canal  Zone.  From  Mount  Hope.  Swamp 
ditch.  Black  mud  formation.  Pleistocene  series.  Collector,  D.  F. 
MacDonald;  April,  1911.  Balanug  eburneus  Gould. 

Station  5850. — Panama  Canal  Zone.  Near  Mount  Hope  in  ditch 
through  swampy  ground.  About  one-fourth  mile  from  present  sea 
beach  and  about  6  to  8  feet  above  high  tide.  Pleistocene  series. 
Collector.  D.  F.  MacDonald;  April,  1911.  Macrobrachium?,  species. 
Nephrops  costatm  Rathbun.  Nephrops,  species.  Axiusf,  species. 
Hcpatus  chiliensis  Milne  Edwards.  Calappa  flammea  (Herbst). 
Leucosilia  jurinei  (Saussure).  Leucosiidae,  genus  and  species  inde- 
terminable. Arenaeus,  species.  Panopeus  antepurpureus  Rathbun. 
Panopeus  tridentatus  Rathbun.  Eurytium  crenulatum  Rathbun. 
Uca  maorodactylus  (Milne  Edwards  and  Lucas).  Parthenope  pleix- 
tocenica  Rathbun. 

In  the  following  table  the  Cirripedia  (see  pp.  185-188)  are  in- 
cluded with  the  Decapoda.  The  letter  "n"  after  a  name  in  the  first 
column  indicates  a  new  species  or  a  new  genus.  The  numerical  head- 
ings refer  to  the  same  stations  as  in  the  above  list  but  are  arranged 
serially  instead  of  chronologically. 


GEOLOGY  AXD  PAUEOXTOLOGY  OF  THE  CAXJLL  ZQXE.  129 

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130  BULLETIN   108,   UNITED   STATES   NATIONAL   MUSEUM. 

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GEOLOGY  AND  PALEONTOLOGY   OF   THE   CANAL  ZONE.  131 

DESCRIPTIONS  OF  SPECIES. 

Subclass  MALACOSTRACA. 

Order  DECAPODA. 
Suborder  NATANTIA. 

Family,  genus,  and  species  indeterminable. 
Plate  57,  fig.  1. 

Locality. — Panama  Canal  Zone.  Top  part  of  limy  sandstone  below 
upper  conglomerate,  near  foot  of  stairs,  Gaillard  Cut.  Upper  part 
of  Culebra  formation.  Oligocene  series.  D.  F.  MacDonald  and 
T.  W.  Yaughan,  collectors.  1911.  Station  6012c.  Cat.  No.  324267. 
U.S.N.M. 

Material. — One  specimen  showing  three  segments  from  the  pleon 
of  a  shrimp.  Pleon  compressed  laterally.  Each  of  the  two  overlap- 
ping segments  has  the  posterior  angle  produced  backward  in  a 
rounded  lobe  of  moderate  size. 

Family  PALAEMONIDAE. 

MACROBRACHIUM,  .pecie.. 
Plate  57.  figs.  4  and  5. 

Locality. — Panama  Canal  Zone.  Las  Cascadas  section,  Gaillard 
Cut.  From  fifth  or  topmost  limestone.  Emperador  limestone.  Oli- 
gocene series.  D.  F.  MacDonald  and  T.  W.  Yaughan.  collectors, 
1911.  Station  6019^.  Cat.  Xo.  324256,  U.S.N.M. 

Material. — One  propodus  of  left  cheliped,  minus  finger.  Slightly 
compressed,  subcylindrical.  Some  of  the  outer  crust  is  lacking,  but 
in  general,  the  segment  widens  rapidly  for  the  proximal  two-fifths, 
then  widens  gradually  at  the  middle,  but  not  at  all  in  the  distal  two- 
fifths.  There  is  no  shallow  sinus  in  the  lower  margin  behind  the 
finger,  as  in  M.  jamaicense*  M.  acanthurus  panamense2  and  others; 
neither  is  the  palm  like  that  of  M.  mexicanum?  which  is  not  at  all 
convex  below,  and  has  subparallel  margins. 

The  specimen  resembles  Macrobrachium,  more  than  it  does  any 
marine  genus  now  existing  in  Panamian  waters. 

i  Cancer  (Autocue)  jamaiccn*i*  Herbst,  Xatur.  Krabben  u.  Krebsc.  vol.  2.  1792,  p.  57. 
pi.  27,  flg.  2. 

1  Rathbun,  in  Smlthson.  Misc.  Coll.,  TO!.  59,  Xo.  13,  1912,  p.  1. 

3  Palaemon  mcricanus  Saussure.  Mem.  Soc.  Phys.  Hist.  Nat.  Geneve,  vol.  14,  1858. 
p.  468  [52],  pi.  4,  flg*.  27,  27c. 


132  BULLETIN  103,   UNITED  STATES   NATIONAL  MUSEUM. 

Measurements. — Length  of  palm,  13  mm. ;  width,  4.3  mm. ;  thick- 
ness, 3.7  mm. 

MACROBRACHIUM?,  species. 

Plate  57,  fig.  9. 

Locality. — Panama  Canal  Zone.  From  near  Mount  Hope  in  ditch 
through  swampy  ground.  About  one-quarter  mile  from  present  sea 
beach,  6  to  8  feet  above  high  tide.  Pleistocene  series.  D.  F.  Mac- 
Donald,  collector.  April,  1911.  Station  5850.  Cat.  No.  324248, 
U.S.N.M. 

Material. — One  segment  (perhaps  the  carpus)  of  the  second  or 
krge  pair  of  chelipeds,  probably  the  left  one.  Subcylinclrical,  en- 
larging gradually  to  the  distal  end,  slightly  curved,  a  longitudinal 
fow  of  5  low  conical  spines  irregularly  spaced. 

Measurements. — Length,  9.5  mm. ;  diameter,  1.7  mm. 

Suborder  REPTANTIA. 

Tribe  ASTACURA. 

Family  HOMARIDAE. 

NEPHROPS  COSTATUS,  new  species. 

Plate  57,  figs.  13-17. 

Type-locality. — Panama  Canal  Zone.  From  near  Mount  Hope  in 
ditch  through  swampy  ground.  About  one-qnarter  mile  from  present 
sea  beach.  6  to  8  feet  above  high  tide.  Pleistocene  series.  D.  F. 
MacDonald,  collector.  April,  1911.  Station  5850. 

Types.— Cat.  No.  324246,  U.S.N.M. 

Material.— Three  dactyl i  of  left  cheliped,  one  of  which  is  fairly 
complete  and  is  taken  as  the  holotype ;  the  other  specimens  show 
only  the  distal  half  or  two-thirds.  A  fourth  specimen  (distal  half 
only)  represents  a  fixed  finger  perhaps  and  if  so  belongs  on  the  left 
side. 

Holotype. — Length  9.5  mm.  In  dorsal  view  the  inner  or  right  mar- 
gin is  sinuous,  the  tip  curved  strongty  inward;  viewed  from  the 
inside,  both  edges  are  sinuous,  curving  downward  toward  the  tip. 
Upper  and  lower  surfaces  a  little  flattened.  Five  longitudinal 
costae,  2  dorsal,. 2  ventral,  1  inner;  each  costa  marked  by  a  line  of 
fine  granules,  with  a  row  of  punctae  adjacent.  On  the  proximal  half 


GEOLOGY  AXD  PALEONTOLOGY  OF  THE  CAXAL  ZOXX.     133 

there  is  some  intercostal  granulation.  Prehensile  edge  armed  with 
fine  teeth  and  divided  into  3  sinuses  separated  by  2  large  teeth;  the 
distal  of  these  has  its  distal  edge  normal  and  its  proximal  edge 
oblique  to  the  margin  of  the  dactylus :  the  top  of  the  other  large  tooth 
is  broken  off;  the  terminal  bay  has  a  somewhat  enlarged,  but  still 
small,  tooth  at  its  middle. 

Paratypes.—{a)  Distal  half  of  dactrlus.  but  with  small  tip  lack- 
ing, same  width  as  holotype;  terminal  sinus  same  length  but  more 
curved,  so  that  the  distal  border  of  the  boundary  tooth  is  shorter: 
middle  sinus  half  as  long,  nondentate,  next  boundary  tooth  broader 
than  in  holotype. 

(6)  Dactylus  with  proximal  end  lacking,  same  width  as  holotype, 
costae  more  rounded,  terminal  sinus  a  little  shorter,  boundary  tooth 
with  end  missing,  enlarged  middle  tooth  better  developed  than  in 
holotype.  pointing  obliquely  distad;  middle  sinus  longer,  boundary 
tooth  broken. 

(c)  Propodal  (!)  finger  broader  than  the  others,  showing  one 
sinus  nearly  equal  to  2  sinuses  of  the  holotype  and  limited  by  a  large 
tooth  with  nearly  equal  sides. 

I  have  placed  this  species  in  Xephropg  on  account  of  the  ribbed 
fingers  irregularly  toothed.  The  variations  in  the  dactyl  may  repre- 
sent either  individual  or  sexual  variation. 

XEPHROI'S.  ^eocs. 

Plate  57.  fi?;.  25  and  26. 

Locality. — Panama  Canal  Zone.    From  near  Mount  Hope  in  ditch 

through  swampy  ground.    About  one-quarter  mile  from  present  sea 

beach.  6  to  8  feet  above  high  tidt-.    Pleistocene  aeries.    D.  F.  Mac- 

"  Donald,  collector.     April,  1911.     Station  5850.     Cat.  Xo.  3-2424?, 

UJSL30I. 

Material. — Dactylus  of  right  cheliped,  12  mm.  long;  distal  half 
moderately  curved  toward  the  propodal  finger,  but  the  whole  finger 
strongly  curved  downward:  6  strong,  longitudinal  costae,  3  dorsal. 
1  marginal,  2  ventral:  about  9  linos  of  pnnctae:  the  prehensile  teeth. 
36  in  all,  are  larger  and  more  projecting  in  that  two-fifths  of  the 
margin  just  posterior  to  the  middle. 

After  the  above  description  was  written  the  proximal  half  of  the 
specimen  was  accidentally  crushed  and  destroyed. 

Although  the  dactylus  is  much  more  curved  than  in  any  species  of 
Nepkrops,  yet  its  ornamentation  is  so  similar  to  that  of  the  preced- 
ing species,  N.  eostatus.  that  it  is  referred  to  the  same  genus. 


134  BULLETIN  103,   UNITED  STATES   NATIONAL  MUSEUM. 

Tribe  ANOMURA. 

Super-family  GALATHEIDEA. 

Family  PORCELLANIDAE. 

PACHYCHELES  LATUS,  new  species. 

Plate  57,  figs.  21-23. 

Type-locality. — Costa  Rica;  Port  Limon.  Pliocene  series.  Dr. 
L.  A.  Wailes,  collector.  Station  4269.  Holotype,  left  manus  with 
propodal  finger;  inner  proximal  corner  of  manus  broken  off.  Para- 
type,  left  manus,  with  both  fingers;  proximal  portion  of  manus 
broken  off. 

Type.— Cut  No.  324264,  U.S.N.M. 

Measurements. — Width  of  palm,  4.6  mm. ;  length  of  same  to  sinus, 
5.1  mm. ;  length  to  end  of  finger,  6.7  mm. ;  greatest  thickness,  2.3  mm. 

Holotype. — Outer  and  inner  margins  thick  and  strongly  curved 
in  dorsal  view;  upper  surface  covered  with  granules  crowded  to- 
gether and  of  varying  size ;  the  granules  aTe  continued  on  the  outer 
surface  and  a  little  way  on  the  undor  surface ;  they  are  then  replaced 
by  squamiform  granules  and  short  rugae  which  are  continued  over 
the  inner  surface.  There  are  no  marginal  lines  indicated.  At  the 
distal  end,  the  width  from  the  articulating  condyle  to  the  inner  angle 
is  nearly  as  great  as  to  the  outer  margin.  The  fixed  finger  is  short 
and  stout,  width  subequal  to  length;  a  bit  of  the  tip  is,  however, 
missing;  a  low  tooth  occupies  the  greater  part  of  the  basal  half  of 
the  prehensile  edge. 

Paratype. — Smaller  than  the  holotype  and  much  worn  so  that  the 
granulation  is  not  well  marked.  Tooth  at  base  of  immovable  finger- 
minute.  Movable  finger  very  short  and  broad,  granulate,  with  a 
basal  prehensile  tooth,  its  surface  granulate. 

In  general  shape  and  granulation,  this  form  resembles  the  manus 
of  the  Recent  P.  grossi?nanus  (Guerin)  from  Peru  and  Chile,  but  in 
the  latter  the  outer  margin  is  paved  with  larger  granules  forming  a 
definite  edge,  and  the  propodal  finger  is  longer  and  more  curved. 

PETROLISTHES   AVITUS,  new   species. 

1'late  57,  ii^s.  18-20. 

Type-locality. — Costa  Rica :  Port  Limon.  Pliocene  series.  Dr. 
L.  A.  Wailes,  collector.  Station  4269. 

Type.— Cat  No.  324266,  U.S.N.M. 

Holotype. — Palm  of  left  cheliped,  showing  the  greater  part  of  the 
upper  and  lower  surfaces  including  the  inner  margin  and  the  distal 


GEOLOGY  AND  PALEONTOLOGY  OF  THE  CANAL  ZONE.     135 

articulating  edge  of  the  lower  surface.  Outer  edge,  proximal  end, 
and  finger  missing.  Upper  surface  covered  with  coarse  granulated 
striae  of  very  different  lengths,  varying  from  1  to  10  or  12  granules, 
and  arranged  obliquely  longitudinally.  Lower  surface  covered  with 
curved,  wavy  and  punctate  striae  starting  almost  at  right  angles  with 
the  inner  margin,  curving  slightly  forward  and  then  abruptly  back- 
ward ;  so  that  the  greater  part  is  more  longitudinal  than  transverse ; 
the  striae  are  somewhat  subdivided  and  followed  outwardly  by 
shorter  striae :  at  the  inner  end  they  terminate  abruptly,  so  that  from 
above  they  have  the  appearance  of  13  truncated  shallow  teeth. 
Length  5.2  mm. 

This  manus  resembles  that  of  two  common  recent  species,  P. 
armatus  (Gibbes)1,  and  P.  galatMnus  (Bosc)1,  both  found  on  the  At- 
lantic a.s  well  as  on  the  Pacific  side  of  the  continent.  The  upper 
surface  of  the  palm  is  similar  in  P.  armatus,  that  is,  it  is  ornamented 
with  short,  irregular  striae,  which  are,  however,  parallel  to  the  inner 
margin,  while  in  the  fossil  form  they  diverge  proximally  from  the 
margin.  The  lower  surface  of  /'.  avitus,  on  the  other  hand,  resembles 
more  closely  that  of  P.  galathinu*,  but  in  the  latter,  the  striae  trend 
more  strongly  forward  on  leaving  the  inner  margin,  and  that  margin 
itself  is  not  formed  of  such  strongly  marked  teeth. 

Superfamdly  THALASSINIDEA. 
Family  AXIIDAE. 

AXIUS  RETICULATUS,  new  .peties. 
Plate  57,  figs.  2  and  3. 

Type-locality. — Panama  Canal  Zone.  Las  Cascadas  section,  Gail- 
lard  Cut.  From  lowest  fossiliferous  bed.  Third  bed  below  lowest 
limestone  beds  separated  by  rows  of  nodules.  Lower  part  of  upper 
half  of  Culebra  formation.  Oligocene  series.  D.  F.  MacDonald 
and  T.  W.  Vaughan,  collectors,  lyil.  Station  60200. 

Holotype.—Cat.  No.  324260,  U.S.X.M.  Left  propodus  of  first 
pereiopod,  embedded  in  a  nodule  and  showing  the  finger  and  the 
greater  part  of  the  palm,  except  the  proximal  end  and  the  distal 
upper  corner.  An  impression  of  the  same  is  shown  in  another  piece 
of  the  nodule.  The  segment  as  uncovered  is  14.3  mm.  long,  greatest 
height  5  mm.,  length  of  finger  7  mm.  The  palm  is  greatly  swollen 
and  at  the  top  rounds  over  into  a  broad  upper  surface  about  2.4  mm. 
in  width.  The  shell  is  considerably  cracked  and  in  life  may  not  have 
been  as  thick  as  it  appears.  The  lower  margin  is  sinuous,  forming  a 
bay  at  about  the  distal  third  of  the  palm;  so  far  as  the  edge  is  pre- 
served it  is  formed  of  small  bead  granules.  The  outer  and  upper 
surface  is  ornamented  with  granules  irregular  in  size  and  disposi- 

1  PorceUana  armata  Gibbes,  Proc.  Amer.  Assoc.  Adv.  Scl.,  vol.  3,  1850,  p.  190. 
*  Porcellana  fjalatfiina  P.o?c.  Hist.  Nat.  Crust.,  vol.  1,  1802,  p.  233,  pi.  6,  fig.  2. 


136  BULLETIN   103,    UNITED   STATES   NATIONAL   MUSEUM. 

tion,  larger  and  thicker  on  the  distal  part  midway  between  upper 
and  lower  margins,  elsewhere  smaller  and  to  a  large  extent  forming  a 
reticulate  pattern ;  proximally  on  the  upper  part  of  the  outer  surface 
the  raised  reticulate  lines  are  smooth,  or  non-granulate. 

The  outer  surface  of  the  finger  is  rather  regularly  tapering,  the 
lower  margin  directed  slightly  upward,  the  superior  margin  nearly 
straight;  surface  smooth;  finger  thick,  the  upper  surface  oblique  or 
beveled;  traces  of  fine  teeth  are  visible  on  the  prehensile  edge. 

AXIUS?,   species. 

Plate  57,  fig.  10. 

Locality. — Panama  Canal  Zone.  From  near  Mount  Hope,  in  ditch 
through  swampy  ground.  About  one-quarter  mile  from  present  sea 
beach,  6  to  8  feet  above  high  tide.  Pleistocene  series.  D.  F.  Mac- 
Donald,  collector.  April,  1911.  Station  5850.  Cat.  No.  324250, 
U.S.N.M. 

Material. — A  single  movable  spine,  6.7  mm.  long,  with  the  tip 
broken  off,  resembles  the  styloid  scaphocerite  or  movable  acicle  of  the 
outer  antenna  of  some  species  of  Axius.  The  spine  is  somewhat 
3-angled,  the  most  acute  edge  being  dorsal,  the  two  blunt  edges  being 
nearer  together  and  ventral.  There  are  a  few  punctae :  4  large  ones 
in  a  row  on  the  ventral  surface;  2  large,  external,  far  apart,  just 
below  the  upper  margin;  4  small  ones,  internal,  3  of  which  form  a 
triangle  near  the  middle,  while  the  other  is  nearer  the  distal  end. 

Family  CALLIANASSIDAE. 

KEY   TO   THE   SPECIES   OF  CALLIANASSA   HERB  DESCRIBED. 

The  material  is  insufficient  to  distinguish  between  the  larger  and 
the  smaller  chela  of  the  same  pair,  which  also  may  vary  in  shape  and 
size  in  the  two  sexes. 
A1.  Manus  and  carpus  meeting  in  an  oblique  line. 

B1.  Lower  margin   of  nianus  serrated ovalis,  p.  137 

B2.  Lower  margin  of  nianus  smooth lacunosa,  p.  138 

A'.  Manus  and  carpus  meeting  in  a  vertical  line. 

B1.  Lower  margin  of  manus  directed  forward  and  upward,  at  least  in  part. 
Cl.  Palmar  portion  of  manus  distinctly  longer  than  high. 
D1.  Palm  compressed. 

E1.  Palm  elongate;  margins  strongly  convergent elongata, p.  131> 

E1.  Palm  less  elongate;  margins  moderately  convergent scotti,  p.  140 

D2.  Palm    swollen moinensis,  p.  142 

C2.  Palmar  portion  of  manus  about  as  long  as  high,  or  shorter.  Upper 
margin  of  manus  directed  forward  and  downward  toward  the  lower 
margin. 

D1.  Immovable  finger  very  thin,  a  cross-section  near  its  base  being  more 
than  twice  as  long  as  wide.  A  strong  tooth  in  the  sinus  between  the 

fingers  or  on  the  base  of  the  immovable  finger splmdosa,  p.  143 

D*.  Immovable  finger  thicker,  a  cross  section  near  its  base  being  less 
than  twice  as  long  as  wide.  A  tooth  in  the  sinus  between  the  fingers 
but  near  the  base  of  the  dactylus tennis,  p.  144 


GEOLOGY  AND  PALEONTOLOGY  OF  THE  CANAL  ZONE.     137 

Aa.  Manas  and  carpus  meeting  in  a  vertical  line— Continued. 
B2.  Lower  margin  of  manus  directed  straight  forward  or  nearly  so;  ihat  is, 

at  right  angles  to  its  proximal  margin. 

C*.  Upper  margin  of  manns  snbparallel  to  lower  margin.    No  tooth  in 
sinus  between  fingers.    Carpus  much  higher  than  long. 

D1.  Lower  margin  serrulate 911  o<f rate,  p.  145 

D*.  Lower  margin  granulate tonJai,p.l46 

C*.  Upper  margin  of  manus  directed  forward  and  downward  toward  lower 

margin.  . 

D*.  A  large  tooth  in  sinus  between  fingers  and  situated  on  base  of  im- 

*,  P- 147 


0*.  A  small  tooth  in  sinus  between  fingers,  and  situated  near  movable 
finger.    Carpus  very  little,  if  at  all,  higher  than  long  __  JkiHi.p.  148 
D*.  No  tooth  in  sinus  between  fingers.    Fingers  long  and  strong. 


B*.  Lower  margin  of  manns  unknown.    A  stridulating  ridge  near  the  hori- 
zontal upper  margin  __________________________  *f  ridems,  p.  151 

A*.  Meeting  of  manus  and  carpus  unknown. 

B1.  Immovable  finger  slender.    Distal  articulating  edge  of  manus  crenulate 
and  very  oblique  --------------------------------  fra*3n»ajui,  p.  141 

B*.  Only  the  dactylns  known. 

C1.  Dactylns  of  large  sue.    Cross  section   at  base  subcylindricaL    Pre- 
hensile edge  thin  ________________________________  magna,  p.  151 

C*.  Dactylns    half   as   long   as    preceding,    more    compressed.    Prehensile 
edge  thicker  -----------------------  crassa,  p.  152 

The  2  Callianassas  to  which  specific  names  are  not  given  are  ex- 
cluded from  the  above  key. 

CALUAKASSA  OVALIS,  mew  ijrriri 

Plate  59,  figs.  1-4. 

Type-locaKty.  —  Panama  Canal  Zone.  Las  Cascadas  section.  Grail- 
lard  Cot.  From  lowest  fossilif  erous  bed,  third  bed  below  lowest 
limestone  beds  separated  by  rows  of  nodules.  Lower  part  of  upper 
half  of  Culebra  formation.  Oligocene  series.  D.  F.  MacDonald 
and  T.  W.  Yaughan,  collectors.  1911.  Station  602Qa.  Holotype 
and  one  paratype.  Cat.  Ko.  324269,  U.S.X.M. 

Holotype.  —  A  left  chela  with  wrist  and  arm  attached,  and  enclosed 
in  a  nodule  which  is  split  in  two.  The  specimen  had  been  crushed, 
and  the  half  nodule  containing  the  impression  shows  also  small 
pieces  of  the  cheliped  itself.  Wrist  and  manus  together  oblong- 
oval:  line  between  them  oblique;  upper  and  lower  margins  of  manus 
slightly  convex:  greatest  width  about  equal  to  the  upper  length; 
from  the  widest  point,  the  lower  margin  of  the  propodus  slants 
upward.  Fingers  directed  straight  forward  and  of  subeqnal  length. 
Immovable  finger  an  isosceles  triangle,  the  base  of  which  is  two- 
thirds  as  long  as  either  side;  end  blunt;  cutting  edge  with  a  shallow 
triangular  tooth  at  the  proximal  two-fifths.  Movable  finger  sub- 
oblong.  end  broad,  cutting  edge  with  a  broad,  shallow,  rounded  tooth 


138  BULLETIN   103,   UNITED   STATES   NATIONAL  MUSEUM. 

near  the  base.  The  merus  appears  to  be  about  twice  as  long  as  high 
and  is  dilated  at  the  middle. 

Measurements. — Length  of  carpus  and  propodus,  measured  from 
lowest  point  of  articulation  with  merus  to  end  of  propodal  ringer, 
20.5  mm.;  proximal  width  of  propodus  (approx.),  9.4  mm.:  greatest 
width  of  same,  10  mm. ;  distal  width  of  same,  8.7  mm. ;  superior 
length  of  same,  10.2  mm. ;  inferior  length  of  same,  13.2  mm. ;  length 
of  propodal  finger  measured  on  cutting  edge.  5.7  mm.;  length  of 
dactylus,  5.7  mm. 

Paratype. — (a)  Left  manus  with  part  of  the  fixed  finger,  em- 
bedded in  a  nodule  and  exposing  the  outer  surface.  Larger  than 
holotype.  The  lower  margin  of  the  manus  has  blunt  serrations 
resembling  the  stumps  of  spines;  above  the  margin  is  a  row  of  five 
distant  punctae;  at  the  distal  end  there  are  two  rows  of  granules 
leading  toward  the  upper  part  of  the  fixed  finger. 

Paratype. —  (b)  Carpus  of  left  cheliped  embedded  in  a  nodule  and 
imprint  of  same,  showing  the  distal  and  upper  margins  and  a  large 
part  of  the  outer  surface.  The  distal  margin  is  oblique  and  concave 
and  has  a  little  rounded  lobe  at  each  end ;  the  upper  margin  is  arcuate 
and  has  a  submarginal  groove. 

CALLIANASSA  LACUNOSA,  new  gpecies. 
Plate  59.  lijrs.  6-11. 

Type-locality. — One-quarter  mile  south  of  Empire  Bridge,  Canal 
Zone,  Panama;  from  lower  dark  clay  beneath  lower  conglomerate. 
Lower  part  of  Culebra  formation.  Oligocene  series.  D.  F.  Mac- 
Donald  and  T.  W.  Vaughan,  collectors.  1911.  Station  60120,  Two 
specimens,  each  a  left  propodus  of  the  first  cheliped.  Cat.  No. 
324278,  U.S.N.M. 

Holotype. — The  palmar  portion  of  a  propodus,  the  fixed  finger 
broken  off  near  its  base ;  the  propodus  is  incomplete  near  the  dactylus 
and  also  at  the  proximal  end;  this  end  is,  however,  fairly  complete 
on  the  inner  surface,  so  that  the  measurements  may  be  stated  with 
approximate  accuracy.  Length,  at  the  level  of  the  sinus  between 
the  fingers,  16  mm. ;  greatest  height,  15.6  mm. ;  least  height,  15.2  mm. ; 
thickness,  6.6  mm.  The  upper  margin  is  a  little  arched,  the  lower 
nearly  straight;  they  converge  a  little  distally;  they  are  very  thin; 
the  top  of  this  thin  edge  along  the  upper  margin  is  set  with  oblong 
tubercles,  dorsal  in  position;  the  lower  edge  is  smooth.  The  outer 
surface  has  a  row  of  6  pits  a  little  above  the  edge  and  fairly  evenly 
spaced ;  they  have  a  raised  edge  and  are  distally  inclined,  indicating 
that  they  were  sockets  for  hairs  or  bristles;  3  similar  pits  far  apart 
are  close  up  under  the  upper  margin;  of  the  few  scattered  pits,  3 
form  a  triangle  at  the  distal  end,  the  one  near  the  base  of  the  fixed 


GEOLOGY   AXD   PALEONTOLOGY   OF   THE   CANAL   ZONE.  139 

finger  being  the  largest;  there  is  also  a  medium-sized  pit  a  little 
below  the  middle,  while  3  small  ones  are  visible  near  the  proximal 
end.  A  prominent  blunt  ridge  runs  from  near  the  top  of  the  fixed 
finger  obliquely  backward  and  upward  for  a  short  distance  on  the 
palm:  near  this  ridge,  but  chiefly  above  it,  and  partly  behind  it, 
there  is  a  patch  of  low  tubercles,  mostly  oblong  but  very  irregular 
in  shape  and  size.  On  the  inner  surface  there  is  a  row  of  8  sockets 
a  little  distance  below  the  thin,  upper,  marginal  rim;  these  sockets, 
while  of  good  size,  have  very  narrow,  perpendicular  openings.  Above 
the  lower  margin  there  is  a  row  of  12  sockets;  this  row  distally  ap- 
proaches close  to  the  edge,  while  the  sockets  themselves  become  larger 
and  farther  apart;  they  are  very  oblique  to  the  margin  and  are 
almost  more  distal  than  lateral  in  their  inclination.  These  2  rows 
of  sockets  on  the  inner  surface  are  more  prominent  than  any  others; 
below  the  middle  there  are  10  or  12  scattered  sockets  mostly  small; 
near  the  middle  there  is  a  patch  of  tubercles,  somewhat  masked  by 
a  thin  layer  of  adhering  matrix.  On  the  inner  surface  there  is  a 
blunt  ridge  leading  back  from  the  finger  similarly  placed  to  that  on 
the  outer  surface,  but  lower  and  wider.  The  finger  is  slender,  judging 
from  the  section  at  its  base. 

Paratype. — This  propodus  shows  the  outline  of  the  proximal  end, 
but  the  distal  end  is  broken  off  and  not  a  vestige  of  the  finger  remains. 
The  size  is  less  than  in  the  holotype :  length,  at  the  level  of  the  sinus 
between  the  fingers,  10.3  mm.;  greatest  height,  11.4  mm.;  least 
height,  10  mm.;  thickness,  5.2  mm.  The  margins  are  more  con- 
vergent than  in  the  holotype  and  the  palm  is  relatively  shorter.  The 
upper  as  well  as  the  lower  edge  is  almost  smooth.  On  the  outer  sur- 
face the  sockets  in  the  upper  submarginal  row  are  4,  as  there  is  an 
additional  one  visible  at  the  proximal  end;  the  sockets  of  the  lower 
row  are  fewer  and  more  distant  than  in  the  larger  specimen,  as  only 
5  can  be  detected:  of  the  scattered  sockets,  3  form  a  distal  triangle, 
while  10  or  12  small  ones  are  disposed  transversely  near  the  proximal 
end :  the  protuberances  above  the  oblique  ridge  leading  from  the  fixed 
finger  consist  of  a  few  small  granules.  On  the  inner  surface,  a 
row  of  8  submarginal  sockets  above,  as  in  the  holotype;  near  the 
lower  margin  only  10  sockets  can  be  counted,  because  the  dtstal 
corner  is  broken  away ;  scattered  sockets  16  or  18,  below  the  middle ; 
a  few  granules  close  to  the  sinus  between  the  digits. 

CALLIANASSA  ELONGATA.  new  species. 
Plate  60.  figs.  4-6. 

Type-locality. — Panama     Canal     Zone.     Las     Cascadas     section, 
Gaillard  Cut.     From  lowest  fossiliferous  bed,  third  bed  below  lowest 
limestone  beds  separated  by  rows  of  nodules.    Lower  part  of  upper 
S370°— 18— Bull.  103 10 


140  BULLETIN  103,  UNITED  STATES  NATIONAL  MUSEUM. 

half  of  Culebra  formation.  Oligocene  series.  D.  F.  MacDonald 
and  T.  W.  Vaughan,  collectors.  1911.  Station  6020a. 

Holotype.—Csit.  No.  324271,  U.S.N.M.  A  left  manus,  with  base 
of  immovable  finger  attached;  this  shows  all  of  the  outer  surface, 
except  the  margin  bordering  the  dactylus;  nearly  the  whole  of  the 
inner  surface  is  concealed  by  the  matrix.  The  upper  margin  is  nearly 
straight  throughout  its  length,  and  is  bluntly  angled ;  lower  margin 
very  sinuous,  the  manus  being  very  much  deeper  in  its  proximal 
than  its  distal  half,  edge  serrulate  or  spinulous  throughout  its  length ; 
proximal  edge  vertical,  nearly  as  long  as  upper  margin.  On  the 
outer  surface  there  is  a  group  of  granules  at  the  distal  two-sevenths 
and  just  below  the  middle;  there  is  a  curved  row  of  granules  near 
the  sinus,  which  is  continued  upon  the  propodal  finger  near  its  upper 
edge;  6  granules  in  all  are  visible.  Finger  very  slender,  inclined 
downward.  The  dactylus  must  have  been  very  stout,  and  the  adja- 
cent edge  of  the  manus  very  oblique,  but  it  is  now  incomplete. 

Measurements. — Superior  length  of  manus  (approx.),  15.7  mm.; 
length  to  sinus,  20.4  mm. ;  greatest  height,  16.2  mm. :  proximal  height 
(approx.),  15.1  mm.;  distal  height,  12.4  mm. 

CALLIANASSA  SCOTTI   Brown   and   Pilsbry. 

Plate  60,  figs.  9-12. 

Callianassa  scotti  BROWN  and  PILSBRY  (part),  Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  Sri.  Phil;)., 
vol.  64,  1913,  p.  503,  pi.  22,  figs.  1  and  3  (not  fig.  2). 

Locality. — Panama  Canal  Zone.  From  the  4  feet  of  dark  strati- 
fied tuff  and  clay  immediately  overlying  the  lower  limestone  bed. 
Las  Cascadas  section.  Upper  part  of  Culebra  formation.  Oligo- 
cene series.  D.  F.  MacDonald  and  T.  W.  Vaughan,  collectors.  1911. 
Station  60195.  Cat.  No.  324279,  U.S.N.M. 

Material. — A  left  manus,  removed  from  the  matrix,  and  incom- 
plete at  the  proximal  end.  Outer  surface  very  convex  from  upper  to 
lower  margin;  upper  margin  straight,  with  a  blunt  marginal  line: 
lower  edge  acute  and  serrulate  with  fine  appressed  teeth  or  spines, 
inclined  upward  toward  the  base  of  the  finger,  then  downward: 
three  granules  or  tubercles  in  a  curved  row  just  outside  the  edge  of 
the  sinus  between  the  fingers.  The  cross  section  of  the  finger  near 
its  base  is  very  small,  in  relation  to  the  manus.  Inner  surface 
slightly  convex,  from  upper  to  lower  edge,  and  with  a  depression  on 
either  side  of  the  base  of  the  fixed  finger;  numerous  granules  near 
the  distal  end,  some  arranged  in  a  curved  band  between  the  two 
fingers. 

Measurements. — Greatest  height  of  manus,  25.2  mm. ;  least  height 
of  same,  23.3  mm. ;  length  of  same  to  digital  sinus,  24.6  mm. ;  thickness 


GEOLOGY   AND   PALEONTOLOGY   OF    THE   CANAL   ZONE.  141 

of  same,  10.9  mm. ;  greatest  diameter  of  fixed  finger  near  its  base, 
f>.5  mm. ;  least  diameter  of  same,  4.2  mm. 

Holotype  and  paratypes. — In  the  material  included  by  Mr.  Brown 
and  Dr.  Pilsbry  under  C.  scottl  are  specimens  of  three  species;  two 
of  these  species  were  figured  with  the  original  description ;  the  larger 
species  illustrated l  by  figures  1  and  3,  plate  22,  is  chosen  to  bear  the 
name  scotti,  and  the  original  of  figure  1  may  be  designated  as  the 
type-specimen,  as  it  is  free  from  the  matrix  and  shows  more  of  the 
characteristic  granulation  than  does  the  original  of  figure  3,  which 
is  furnished  with  a  propodal  finger,  but  is  half  embedded  in  a  matrix. 
It  also  shows,  although  roughly,  a  row  of  5  pits  on  the  upper  margin ; 
this  row,  however,  slopes  downward  a  little  distally  on  to  the  inner 
surface.  The  greatest  height  of  the  type  is  27  mm.,  length  at  level  of 
sinus  between  fingers,  28  mm. 

Still  a  third  specimen,  also  a  left  manus,  was  taken  at  the  same 
place ;  the  surface  is  much  worn,  but  the  proximal  angles  are  well  de- 
fined. The  type-locality  is  in  the  lignitic  layers,  about  65  feet  below 
the  base  of  the  Pecten  bed  at  Tower  N..  Las  Cascadas  section,  Gail- 
lard  Cut;  Prof.  W.  B.  Scott,  collector,  1911.  Type,  Cat.  No.  2259, 
Mus.  Acad.  Xat.  Sci.,  Philadelphia. 

The  hand  mentioned  by  Brown  and  Pilsbry,2  as  collected  by  W.  M. 
Gabb  in  Costa  Rica,  apparently  belongs  to  C.  scotti.  It  shows  well 
the  upper  marginal  row  of  pits,  numbering  7,  which  drops  distally 
on  to  the  inner  surface.  The  specimen  is  labeled  "Miocene."  Cat. 
Xo.  2255,  Mus.  Acad.  Xat.  Sci.,  Philadelphia. 

CALLIANASSA  CRASSIMANA,  new  species. 
Plate  61,  figs.  15-17. 

Type-locality. — Panama  Canal  Zone.  Las  Cascadas  section.  Gail- 
lard  Cut.  From  lowest  fossiliferous  bed,  third  bed  below  lowest 
limestone  beds  separated  by  rows  of  nodules.  Lower  part  of  upper 
half  of  Culebra  formation.  Oligocene  series.  D.  F.  MacDonald 
and  T.  W.  Vaughan,  collectors.  1911.  Station  60200. 

Measurements. — Distal  height  of  palm,  22  mm. ;  thickness  of  palm, 
at  least  7.7  mm. ;  length  of  crenulated  lobe  bordering  dactylus,  10.2 
mm.;  upper  length  of  dactylus  (tip  broken  off),  18  mm.;  greater 
diameter  at  the  break  near  the  tip,  1.7  mm. ;  lesser  diameter  at  same 
point,  1.3  mm. ;  greater  diameter  at  a  break  about  middle  of  finger, 
3.8  mm. ;  lesser  diameter  at  same  point,  2.8  mm. 

Holotype.— Cat.  Xo.  324273,  U.S.X.M.  A  portion  of  the  distal  end 
of  the  left  manus  with  the  propodal  finger  attached ;  embedded  in  a 
nodule.  This  must  have  been  a  very  large  specimen.  The  oblique 

1  Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  Sic.,  Phlla.,  vol.  64,  1913,  p.  503         » Idem,  p.  504. 


142  BULLETIN   103,  UNITED  STATES   NATIONAL   MUSEUM. 

margin  of  the  lobe  of  the  maims  which  overlapped  the  dactylus  is 
very  oblique  and  is  straight  and  deeply  crenulated  with  about  16 
crenules;  the  length  of  the  lobe  is  as  great  as  the  distance  across  the 
adjoining  sinus  and  the  propodal  finger.  This  sinus  is  very  deep 
and  proximally  subtruncate.  The  immovable  finger  is  very  narrow  in 
relation  to  the  size  of  the  palm;  it  is  slightly  compressed,  and  bends 
upward;  on  the  inner  surface  just  within  the  lower  margin  there  is 
a  row  of  punctae:  on  the  outer  face  there  are  3  larger  spots,  2  near 
the  lower  margin  and  one  near  the  sinus,  which  may  be  sockets  lor 
setae.  A  tubercle  on  the  outer  surface  just  behind  the  sinus.  The 
inner  surface  of  the  manus  is  deeply  channeled  out  near  the  sinus 
between  the  fingers. 

The  holotype  is  in  two  pieces,  as  the  immovable  finger  is  broken  in 
two,  the  distal  portion  embedded  in  that  half  of  the  nodule  which 
bears  the  imprint  of  the  remainder  of  the  holotype. 

This  species  is  very  near  C.  scotti,  but  has  a  larger  sinus  between 
the  fingers,  a  longer  propodal  finger,  and  a  shallower  sinus  in  the 
lower  margin  of  the  manus  just  behind  the  finger. 

CALLIANASSA  MOINENSIS,  new  species. 

Plate  60,  figs.  1-3. 

Type-locality. — Moin  Hill,  near  Limon,  Costa  Rica.  Probably 
equivalent  to  Gatun  formation.  Miocene  series.  H.  Pittier,  collector. 
Propodus  of  right  cheliped,  and  an  impression  of  half  a  finger. 

Measurements. — Length  (approx.)  of  manus,  to  sinus  between 
fingers,  9  mm. ;  height  of  same,  7  mm. ;  thickness  of  same,  4.7  mm. ; 
length  of  immovable  finger  (tip  broken  off).  8.6  mm. 

Holotype.— Cat.  No.  324287,  U.S.N.M.  Palm  much  swollen,  cross 
section  ovate,  lower  margin  viewed  from  the  side  very  arcuate,  upper 
margin  slightly  so.  The  surface  has  almost  entirely  lost  the  outer 
white  layer,  but  the  next  layer  is  gra}r  and  is  crossed  transversely  by 
many  very  short  rugae,  which  are  strongest  on  the  lowest  part  of  the 
outer  surface.  There  is  a  distinct  line  below  dividing  the  inner  from 
the  outer  surface  and  marked  by  an  irregular  row  of  very  fine 
punctae.  On  the  inner  surface  considerably  below  the  upper  margin 
there  is  a  row  of  large  punctae. 

The  immovable  finger  is  slender,  bent  downward  and  curved 
inward.  It  has  7  more  or  less  defined  ridges,  the  bluntest  of  which 
is  the  most  inferior;  either  side  of  the  ridge  representing  the  pre- 
hensile edge  there  is  a  granular  ridge,  the  outer  of  which  is  less 
elevated ;  in  addition,  there  are  2  ridges  on  the  outer  surface  and  one 
on  the  inner;  near  each  ridge  there  is  a  row  of  fine  punctae.  Pre- 
hensile edge  armed  with  small  irregular  teeth.  There  is  an  unusually 
deep  furrow  above  the  principal  ridge  on  the  inner  surface. 


GEOLOGY  AND  PALEONTOLOGY  OF  THE,  CANAL  ZONE.     143 

Paratype  (a).— Cat  No.  324287.  U.S.XJL  On  a  small  piece  of 
crumbling  rock  there  is  an  impression  of  the  distal  half  of  a  finger, 
but  not  the  finger  of  the  holotype.  The  impression  has  a  similar 
curvature  and  3  rows  of  punctae  are  present. 

Paratype  (6).— Cat  No.  324288,  U.S.NJL  Moin  Hill,  Costa  Rica ; 
third  fossiliferous  zone  below  the  uppermost :  just  below  level  of  rails 
in  railway  cut  Probably  equivalent  to  Gatun  formation.  Oligccene 
period.  D.  F.  MacDonald,  1911.  Station  5884J.  A  right  propodus 
without  finger,  similar  in  size  to  the  holotype  and  corresponding  in 
its  characters. 

CALLIAXASSA  SPIKULOSA,  mew  specie*. 

Plate  GL  figs.  6-9. 

Callianassa  »cotti  Pttsarr  (part),  Proc.  Acad.  Xat.  ScL  Phila.,  voL  64,  1913, 
p.  503  (not  pL  22,  figs.  1-3). 

Type-locality. — Panama  Canal  Zone.  Las  Cascadas  section,  Gail- 
lard  Cut  From  lowest  fossiliferous  bed,  third  bed  below  lowest 
limestone  beds  separated  by  rows  of  nodules.  Lower  part  of  upper 
half  of  Culebra  formation.  Oligocene  series.  D.  F.  MacDonald  and 
T.  W.  Yaughan,  collectors.  191L  Station  6020o. 

Holotype.— Cat  No.  324272,  U.S.X3L  Left  propodus  which  was 
encased  in  a  nodule ;  the  manus  has  been  removed  except  the  proximal 
part  of  the  outer  surface;  of  the  propodal  finger  only  the  impression 
remains.  Length  of  manus  less  than  greatest  height;  the  upper  and 
lower  margins  converge  distally,  the  upper  margin  convex,  the  lower 
sinuous.  Outer  surface  very  convex  in  a  vertical  direction,  having 
a  few  scattered  granules,  also  a  short  vertical  line  of  3  granules  near 
the  upper  distal  corner,  a  row  of  6  distant  granules  just  above  the 
lower  margin,  and  a  sharp  grannie  near  the  sinus.  The  lower  margin 
is  very  thin  and  serrated:  between  the  serrations  are  the  truncated 
bases  of  movable  spines;  9  such  spines  remain.  Upper  edge  bluntly 
margined.  Inner  surface  convex  except  near  the  inferior  and  distal 
margins :  a  row  of  3  granules  on  the  middle  line.  2  above  the  base  of 
the  propodus,  2  parallel  to  the  lower  margin,  and  many  small  granules 
just  above  that  margin.  An  obliquely  longitudinal  line  of  pits  below 
the  upper  margin. 

The  propodal  finger  is  very  much  smaller  than  the  dactylus  and 
thin:  a  cross  section  near  its  base  is  somewhat  diamond-shaped,  the 
impression  of  the  thumb  (viewed  sideways)  is  subtriangular.  end 
curved  upward :  prehensile  edge  concave ;  at  its  base  in  the  sinus  be- 
tween the  fingers  there  is  a  short  but  strong  curved  tooth;  on  both 
outer  and  inner  surfaces  of  the  thumb,  leading  down  from  the  palm, 
there  is  an  oblique  ridge. 

Measurements. — Length  of  propodus  to  end  of  finger  (approx.), 
22.4  mm. ;  length  of  manus,  measured  on  the  inner  side,  to  sinus,  14.7 


144  BULLETIN   103,   UNITED  STATES   NATIONAL  MUSEUM. 

mm.;  greatest  height  (proximally),  15.3  mm.;  least  height  (distally), 
13.3  mm. 

Paratypes. —  (a)  One  left  propodus  with  about  half  of  the  fixed 
finger  attached  was  taken  in  the  lignitic  layers,  about  65  feet  below 
the  base  of  the  Pecten  bed  at  Tower  N.,  Las  Cascadas  section,  Gail- 
lard  Cut;  central  part  of  Culebra  formation,  Oligocene  series;  Prof. 
W.  B.  Scott,  collector;  1911  (Mus.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  Philadelphia). 
The  specimen  is  half  embedded  in  a  nodule  which  conceals  the  inner 
surface  and  the  upper  part  of  the  outer  surface.  It  is  nearly  as  large 
•  as  the  type.  It  shows  the  large  tooth  at  the  proximal  end  of  the  pre- 
hensile edge  of  the  fixed  finger,  the  tubercle  on  the  outer  surface  near 
the  sinus  between  the  fingers,  and  roughly,  the  ornamentation  on  the 
lower  edge  of  the  palm. 

(b)  From  the  same  source,  a  similar  left  propodus  half  embedded 
in  a  nodule  but  so  as  to  expose  the  inner  surface  and  the  upper  edge ; 
it  shows  the  characteristic  row  of  pits  on  the  inner  surface  just  belowr 
the  upper  edge,  the  row  sloping  downward  distally. 

(c)  Also  a  third  specimen,  free  from  the  matrix  but  with  the  edges 
broken ;  it  shows  the  palmar  ridge  leading  to  the  fixed  finger  and  the 
basal  tooth  on  the  edge  of  the  latter. 

CALLIANASSA  TENUIS,  new   species. 

Plate  60,  figs.  13  and  14. 

Type-locality. — Panama  Canal  Zone.  Las  Cascadas  section,  Gail- 
lard  Cut.  From  fifth  or  topmost  limestone.  Emperador  limestone. 
Oligocene  series.  D.  F.  MacDonald  and  T.  W.  Vaughan,  collectors, 
1911.  Station  6019^. 

ffolotype.—Csit.  No.  324282,  U.S.N.M.  Left  manus  with  propodal 
linger  broken  off,  segment  shorter  than  its  greatest  height,  in  general 
subrectangular,  with  upper  and  lower  margins  converging  distally; 
outer  surface  very  convex  from  top  to  bottom;  upper  and  lower 
edges  marginate,  the  lower  one  very  thin;  inner  surface  convex  ex- 
cept near  the  bottom  where  it  is  flat,  at  the  proximal  end  where  there 
is  a  furrow  parallel  with  the  articulation,  and  near  the  distal  sinus 
where  there  is  a  depression.  The  propodal  finger  is  very  much 
smaller  than  the  dactylus,  and  its  cross  section  is  suboval  with 
pointed  ends ;  the  sinus  is  about  as  wide  as  the  thumb ;  it  bears,  close 
up  to  the  insertion  of  the  dactylus  and  on  the  edge  of  the  outer  sur- 
face, pointing  forward,  a  short,  broadly  triangular  spine.  Surfaces 
much  worn,  so  that  it  is  difficult  to  tell  Avhether  unevennesses  are 
natural  or  not. 

Measurements. — Length  of  mantis,  measured  to  sinus,  11.4  mm.; 
greatest  height,  13  mm. ;  distal  height,  10.3  mm. ;  thickness,  5.3  mm. 


GEOLOGY  AXD  PALEONTOLOGY  OF  THE  CANAL  ZONE.  145 

CALLIAS  ASSA  QUADRAT  A.  mew  •jrrirt 

Plate  62,  figs.  4-14. 

Calliana**a  scotti  BBOVVX  and  PILSBBY  (part),  Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  Set  Phila.. 
voL  64,  1913,  p.  503,  pL  22,  fig.  2  (not  figs.  1  and  3). 

Represented  by  2  specimens  of  the  left  manus  from  which  the 
propodal  finger  has  been  broken  off.  The  smaller  one  is  used  as 
the  type,  as  it  is  the  better  preserved. 

Type-locality. — Panama  Canal  Zone.  Las  Cascadas  section.  Gail- 
lard  Cut.  From  lowest  fossiliferoiis  bed,  third  bed.,  below  lowest 
limestone  beds  separated  by  rows  of  nodules.  Lower  part  of  upper 
half  of  Culebra  formation.  Oligocene  series.  D.  F.  MacDonald 
and  T.  W.  Vaughan,  collectors.  1911.  Station  6020o.  Holotype 
and  paratype.  Cat.  No.  324275,  U-S.N  M. 

Measurement*  (in  mm.). — 

Holotype.  Paratype. 

Height  of  manus  near  middle 13.3  15.3 

Length  of  manus  measured  to  sinus 12. 8  15.  7 

Thickness  of  manus a  2  7.5 

Holotype. — Hand  squarish,  with  the  corners  rounded  off.  The 
upper  and  lower  margins  are  subparallel.  the  upper  slightly  arched, 
the  lower  with  a  shallow  distal  sinus.  Distal  margin,  at  the  articula- 
tion with  the  dactylus,  nearly  vertical.  Outer  surface  slightly  con- 
vex in  a  longitudinal  direction,  strongly  convex  vertically,  furrowed 
at  the  distal  end  across  the  middle  third:  inner  surface  moderately 
convex  except  at  the  distal  and  lower  portions,  where  it  is  concave : 
there  is  a  groove  just  above  the  lower  margin  which  widens  as  it  ap- 
proaches the  finger.  Lower  margin  serrulate :  upper  margin  bluntly 
angled  except  in  the  distal  third,  where  it  is  rounded:  just  within 
this  margin  there  is  a  row  of  sockets  of  which  3  can  be  made  out. 
On  the  outer  surface  near  the  sinus  between  the  fingers  there  is  a 
tubercle  and  near  the  carpus  3  granules  far  apart  in  a  vertical  row: 
on  the  inner  surface  there  is  a  row  of  granules,  running  almost  longi- 
tudinally near  the  middle  and  thence  downwards  toward  the  sulcus 
between  the  fingers;  2  tubercles  near  the  articulation  with  the  dac- 
tylus. Propodal  finger  narrow,  much  compressed,  subtriangular  at 
the  base  in  cross  section,  with  the  small  end  of  the  triangle  down. 
Base  of  dactylus  very  large. 

Paratype  (a).— Larger  than  the  type:  upper  margin  straighter: 
the  tubercle  on  the  outer  surface  near  the  sinus  is  of  good  size;  on 
the  inner  surface  near  the  middle  there  are  numerous  grannies  instead 
of  the  single  row  in  the  holotype:  2  tubercles  near  the  dactylus. 

Doubtful  specimen.— A.  single  specimen  of  a  left  carpus,  from  the 
same  locality  as  the  types  may  belong  to  the  same  species.  The 
inner  surface  is  mostly  concealed  by  the  matrix.  Outer  surface 


146  BULLETIN   103,   UNITED  STATES   NATIONAL  MUSEUM. 

very  convex  from  the  upper  to  the  lower  margin ;  convexity  akin  to 
that  of  the  manus  of  this  species,  which  is  the  reason  for  placing 
the  carpus  here  rather  than  with  Callianassa  elongata  or  any  other 
species  occurring  at  the  same  locality.  Carpus  about  If  times  as 
high  as  its  greatest  width,  which  is  in  the  upper  part;  the  angle 
formed  by  the  superior  and  the  distal  margins  is  a  little  less  than  a 
right  angle;  superior  margin  straight;  distal  angle  projecting  above 
the  articulation  with  the  manus.  The  inferior  distal  angle  projects 
even  more  below  the  articulation;  the  angle  is  obtuse;  from  it  the 
margin  rounds  downward  and  then  upward  in  a  single  curve;  the 
lowermost  part  is  finely  serrate. 

Measurements. — Height  of  carpus,  between  distal  angles,  18.3 
mm. ;  greatest  height,  18.8  mm. ;  greatest  width,  12.8  mm. :  width  on 
upper  margin,  12  mm. ;  greatest  width  below  the  articulation  with  the 
merus,  11.8  mm. 

Four  specimens  before  me  from  the  collection  of  the  Academy  of 
Natural  Sciences  of  Philadelphia  belong  to  this  species;  they  are  one 
right  and  three  left  chelae  and  form  part  of  the  material  referred  by 
Brown  and  Pilsbry  to  their  C.  scotti.  (Paratype  b)  One  left  chela 
is  that  figured  on  plate  22,  fig.  2.1  All  are  larger  than  the  type  ma- 
terial described  above,  but  so  far  as  their  characters  are  preserved 
they  agree  in  essentials  with  the  type.  (Paratype  c)  The  right  chela 
(the  largest  specimen)  its  about  23  mm.  long  by  21.2  mm.  wide,  and 
possesses  a  longer  piece  of  the  propodal  finger  than  the  other  speci- 
mens; the  exposed  cross  section  of  the  finger  is  oval.  (Paratype  d) 
The  shortest  of  the  left  chelae  has  a  large  part  of  the  outer  layer  pre- 
served on  the  infero-distal  and  inferior  surface,  where  it  is  covered 
with  granules,  arranged  without  regularity  except  for  a  row  on  the 
outer  surface  parallel  and  close  to  the  lower  edge.  This  row  is  not 
visible  in  my  figure  14,  plate  62.  The  longest  of  the  left  chelae 
(Paratype  e)  is  about  24  mm.  by  19  mm.,  that  is,  considerably  nar- 
rower than  (c). 

CALLIANASSA  TOULAI,  new  species. 

"  Krabbenscheren  "  TOULA,  Jahrb.  der  k.  k.  Geolog.  Reichsanstalt,  vol.  61, 
1911,  p.  512  [26],  pi.  30  [1],  fig.  14. 

Founded  on  two  chelae,  one  with  palm  20.6  mm.  long,  16.5  mm. 
wide,  the  other  (without  movable  finger)  with  palm  9.4  mm.  long, 
5.5  mm.  wide. 

Outer  surface  of  palm  arched,  inner  surface  almost  flat  and  with  a 
flat  depression  close  to  the  lower  margin  and  extending  from  the 
fixed  finger.  The  upper  and  lower  margins  are  sharp,  the  former 
bears  3  spinelike  projections  directed  forward,  the  lowest  spine  ends 

1  Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.,  vol.  64,  1913,  p.  503 


GEOLOGY  AND  PALEONTOLOGY  OF  THE  CANAL  ZONE.     147 

in  a  sharp  margin ;  lo\ver  margin  very  finely  and  sharply  granulate 
to  the  finger  tip.  Outer  surface  smooth  and  glossy,  thickly  covered 
near  the  lower  margin  with  fine  granules.  Inner  surface  covered 
with  very  small,  oblong  punctae.  A  stout  tooth  on  the  prehensile 
margin  of  the  immovable  finger  visible  from  the  outside;  another 
tooth  on  the  movable  finger,  visible  from  the  inside. 
Type-locality. — Gatun.  Miocene  series. 

CALLIANASSA  ABBREVIATA,  new  species. 

Plate  63,  figs.  1-6. 

Type-locality. — Panama  Canal  Zone.  Las  Cascadas  section,  Gail- 
lard  Cut.  From  lowest  fossiliferous  bed;  third  bed  below  lowest 
limestone  beds  separated  by  rows  of  nodules.  Lower  part  of  upper 
half  of  Culebra  formation.  Oligocene  series.  D.  F.  MacDonald 
and  T.  W.  Vaughan,  collectors.  1911.  Station  6020a.  4  specimens. 

Types.— Cat,  No.  324274,  U.S.N.M. 

Mea-swements. — Length  of  manus  to  sinus,  10.3  mm.;  greatest 
height,  10  mm.;  distal  height,  8.4  mm. 

Holotype. — Specimen  of  right  manus  partially  embedded,  showing 
inner  surface  and  half  of  outer  surface;  an  imprint  of  the  inner  sur- 
face of  the  holotype  is  seen  on  a  separate  piece  of  rock.  Length  and 
height  subequal;  infero-proximal  angle  a  right  angle,  upper  margin 
convex.  Outer  surface  slightly  convex  from  end  to  end,  more  so  from 
top  to  bottom.  Inner  surface  equally  convex  in  both  directions,  with 
a  furrow  close  to  the  proximal  end ;  an  oblique  furrow  near  the  lower 
edge,  directed  slightly  upward  distally,  and  a  depression  leading  to 
the  sinus  between  the  fingers  and  to  the  adjacent  part  of  the  immov- 
able finger:  on  the  oblique  raised  line  below  this  depression,  there  is 
a  row  of  4  granules.  Upper  and  lower  edges  margined ;  the  lower 
edge  shows,  in  the  impression,  about  18  dots,  but  whether  these  are 
punctae  or  spinules  on  the  outer  surface  can  not  be  told.  There  is  a 
line  of  6  punctae  just  within  the  upper  margin.  A  few  scattered 
punctae  on  inner  surface.  An  oblique  cross  section  of  the  thumb  is 
small  and  somewhat  diamond-shaped;  above  this  section  there  is  a 
blunt  tooth;  sinus  between  the  2  fingers  V-shaped.  The  impression 
shows  a  little  more  of  the  length  of  the  thumb  than  remains  in  the 
type,  but  represents  neither  the  full  length  nor  width. 

Paratype  (a). — Left  manus,  larger  than  the  holotype.  and  free 
from  the  matrix;  immovable  finger  broken  off;  edges  worn;  inter- 
digital  tooth  present,  and  near  by  on  the  outer  surface,  a  granule. 

Paratype  (6). — A  fragment,  comprising  the  distal  lower  end  of 
the  propodus  with  broken  finger  attached :  interdigital  tooth  present. 


148  BULLETIN   103,   UNITED   STATES   NATIONAL   MUSEUM. 

CALLIANASSA  HILLI,  new  species. 
I 'late  58,  figs.  18-20. 

Type-locality. — Gatun  beds,  Panama  Canal  Zone.  Gatun  forma- 
tion. Miocene  series.  Kobert  T.  Hill,  collector;  Station  18. 

Types.— Cat.  No.  135218,  U.S.N.M. 

Measurements. — Greatest  height  of  carpus  of  right  cheliped.  10.2 
mm. ;  superior  length  of  same,  10.3  mm. 

Material. — 3  pieces  of  rock  from  the  same  place  contain  fragments 
of  Callianassa  which  belonged  to  at  least  2  specimens  and  probably 
represent  a  single  species.  The  largest  piece  contains  2  fragments. 
each  consisting  of  a  right  merus  and  carpus  (the  better  preserved  of 
these  may  be  considered  the  holotype) ;  the  imprint  of  a  right  wrist 
and  hand ;  the  distal  half  of  a  right  propodus  and  a  portion  of  the 
dactylus.  The  second  piece  of  rock  has  been  broken  from  the  first 
and  contains  «the  continuation  of  the  right  propodus,  with  carpus 
and  merus  attached  (paratype  «),  also  the  first  4  segments  of  the 
third  right  leg.  The  third  piece  of  rock  contains  the  sixth  joint  of  the 
tail  (paratype  b).  The  following  description  is  compiled  from  all 
the  specimens: 

The  merus  of  the  right  cheliped  has  the  outer  margin  prominently 
carinate  with  a  smooth  rounded  carina;  upper  margin  granulated. 
In  both  instances  the  merus  is  so  flexed  beneath  the  carpus  that  the 
lower  margin  is  not  visible.  The  carpus  is  about  equally  long  and 
high ;  its  upper  margin  is  slightly  convex  to  a  point  near  the  articula- 
tion with  the  merus :  distal  margin  slightly  concave,  but  nearly  ver- 
tical ;  margin  from  the  infero- distal  angle  to  the  merus  strongly  arcu- 
ate. Manus  about  as  long  as  high,  moderately  convex,  outer  surface 
more  so  than  inner;  lower  margin  nearly  straight;  just  above  it  on 
inner  surface  a  row  of  many  fine  punctae  from  which  setae  may  have 
sprung;  this  row  is  continued  on  the  propodal  finger;  the  latter  is 
only  partly  uncovered ;  it  is  flat  on  the  inner  side,  at  least  half  as  long 
as  the  manus  and  its  lower  margin  is  a  straight  line  continuous  with 
that  of  the  manus. 

The  right  leg  of  the  third  pair  is  very  much  like  the  corresponding 
member  in  C.  stimpsoni  Smith,  the  Callianassa  of  the  Atlantic  coast 
of  the  United  States. 

The  sixth  segment  of  abdomen  or  tail  is  subrhomboidal,  with  a  con- 
striction behind  the  middle;  the  segment  is  much  wider  in  front 
than  behind ;  the  depressed  portion  at  the  anterior  middle  was  hidden 
in  life  under  the  fifth  segment. 

CALLIANASSA  VAUGHANI.  new  species. 

Plate  63,  figs.  10-13. 

Type-locality. — Panama  Canal  Zone.  From  85-foot  cut  on  north 
side  of  big  swamp  on  relocated  line,  Panama  Railroad ;  H  to  2  miles 


GEOLOGY   AND  PALEONTOLOGY   OF   THE   CANAL   ZONE.  149 

beyond  Camp  Cotton  toward  Monte  Lirio.  Gatun  formation. 
Miocene  series.  D.  F.  MacDonald  and  T.  W.  Vaughan.  collectors. 
1911.  Station  6030.  Holotype  and  2  paratypes.  Cat.  No.  324285, 
U.S.N.M. 

Holotype. — Portion  of  the  right  claw,  comprising  the  distal  end  of 
the  manus  and  both  fingers ;  outer  surface  only.  Height  of  manus  at 
distal  end  equal  to  length  of  dactylus  measured  on  the  chord  from  the 
tip  to  the  middle  of  its  articulating  edge;  surface  convex  from  upper 
to  lower  edge.  Fixed  finger  wide  in  its  proximal  half,  then  abruptly 
narrowed ;  distal  half  directed  slightly  upward ;  length  twice  as  great 
as  basal  width.  The  ends  of  the  fingers  are  somewhat  crushed;  the 
movable  finger  curves  strongly  downward  and  appears  to  overreach 
the  tip  of  the  immovable  finger,  being  at  right  angles  to  it ;  its  lower 
edge  has  two  teeth,  one  near  the  articulation  squarish,  broader  than 
long,  the  other  smaller,  separated  by  a  rounded  sinus.  At  the  sinus 
distal  to  this  tooth  is  the  widest  interdigital  gape:  a  little  further  on 
the  fingers  would  meet  for  a  ways,  if  they  were  closed,  while  liie  tips 
would  cross  each  other.  The  greatest  width  of  the  dactylus  is  a  little 
more  than  a  third  of  its  greatest  length,  measured  in  a  straight  line. 

The  oblique  edge  of  the  propodus  which  projects  over  the  dactylus 
is  crenulate.  On  the  manus  near  the  gape  of  the  fingers  there  are  3 
tubercles  in  a  curve  parallel  with  the  edge.  Behind  the  crenulation 
there  are  2  scale-like  sockets  from  which  setae  probably  arose,  and 
behind  these  a  vertical  thumb-nail  impression.  Near  the  supero- 
distal  angle  of  the  manus  there  is  another  socket.  On  the  proximal 
half  of  the  dactylus  there  are  9  sockets  of  larger  size  than  those  on 
the  manus  and  irregularly  disposed;  2  are  on  the  larger  prehensile 
tooth  and  one  on  the  smaller. 

Paratype  (a). — Left  manus.  both  sides  visible.  A  smaller  speci- 
men than  the  holotype.  Upper  and  lower  margins  distally  converg- 
ing. Length  a  little  more  than  greatest  width.  Outer  surface  con- 
vex in  both  directions,  but  more  so  from  top  to  bottom.  Surface  for 
the  most  part  smooth  and  shining.  The  ornamentation  is  like  that 
of  the  type,  that  is,  a  crenulated  edge  on  the  lobe  which  overlaps  the 
dactylus,  a  row  of  tubercles  just  behind  the  gape — the  lower  of  the 
3  tubercles  is  broken  off — above  this  2  sockets,  and  then  a  very  short 
thumb-nail  impression,  followed  by  a  socket  near  the  upper  angle. 
The  upper  margin  is  subacute  in  its  proximal  half,  becoming  gradu- 
ally blunt  toward  the  distal  end;  on  either  side  is  a  row  of  sockets; 
3  are  visible  on  the  outer  surface  and  5  on  the  inner;  lower  margin 
sharp,  also  with  a  row  of  sockets  on  either  side;  5  are  visible  on  the 
outer  side  and  about  10  on  the  inner  side  in  the  distal  half;  the 
proximal  half  is  broken.  There  are  a  few  punctae  scattered  about 
the  outer  surface;  while  on  the  inner  surface  near  the  depression 


150  BULLETIN"   103,   UNITED  STATES   NATIONAL  MUSEUM. 

leading  to  the  gape  there  is  a  double  row  of  granules,  8  of  which 
can  be  made  out.  The  edge  overlapping  the  dactylus  is  crenulate  on 
the  inner  surface. 

Paratype  (£). — Portion  of  left  propodus  showing  part  of  finger 
and  a  small  part  of  the  manus.  Surface  shining.  Three  tubercles 
near  gape,  and  continuing  the  same  curve  along  the  upper  part  of  the 
outer  surface  of  the  finger,  there  is  a  granule  followed  by  2  sockets. 

Measurements. — (Approximate  only.)  Holotype:  Distal  height 
of  manus,  19.3  mm. ;  length  of  dactylus  from  tip  to  proximal  end  of 
upper  margin,  23.5  mm.;  height  of  dactylus,  measured  straight  up 
from  the  edge  of  the  basal  tooth,  8.6  mm.;  length  of  immovable 
finger  measured  along  the  prehensile  edge,  15  mm. ;  height  of  same 
at  base,  7  mm.  Paratype  (a)  :  Length  of  manus  across  middle,  19.5 
mm. ;  proximal  height,  16.7  mm. ;  distal  height,  15  mm. ;  greatest 
thickness,  6.6  mm.  Paratype  (&)  :  Height  of  immovable  finger  at 
base,  5.8  mm. 

Additional  localities. — Panama  Canal  Zone.  Las  Cascadas  sec- 
tion. From  lower  part  of  lime-cemented  soft  gray  to  olive -colored 
limestone  with  central  parting  of  dark  clay.  The  first  hard,  limy 
sandstone  bed  above  the  lower  limestone  just  above  Station  60195. 
Upper  part  of  Culebra  formation.  Oligocene  series.  D.  F.  Mac- 
Donald  and  T.  W.  Vaughan,  collectors.  1911.  Station  6019c.  One 
left  propodus  with  most  of  the  fixed  finger  attached.  The  specimen 
is  so  bruised  and  crushed  that  its  identity  can  not  be  determined  with 
certainty.  Cat.  No.  324283,  U.S.N.M. 

Also,  from  the  same  place,  a  right  dactylus  from  a  cheliped  of 
much  smaller  size.  Its  identity  is  uncertain.  It  lacks  the  large  teeth 
on  the  cutting  edge,  but  it  may  belong  to  the  feebler  of  the  two 
chelipeds,  or  to  a  female.  There  is  evidently  a  shallow  sinus  at  the 
base,  followed  by  a  low  broad  tooth.  Six  sockets  for  setae  can  be 
made  out.  The  thick  outer  crust  has  nearly  all  broken  away.  Cat. 
No.  324283,  U.S.N.M. 

Panama  Canal  Zone.  From  lowest  horizon  in  big  cut  from  £  to  % 
mile  beyond  Camp  Cotton  toward  Monte  Lirio.  Lower  part  of 
Gatun  formation.  Miocene  series.  D.  F.  MacDonald  and  T.  W. 
Vaughan,  collectors.  1911.  Station  6029a.  Left  manus,  about  9.6 
mm.  long,  measured  at  the  level  of  the  articulating  condyle  of  the 
dactylus;  edges  mostly  broken  and  obscured.  Identification  based 
(1)  on  the  general  contour  of  the  surface,  (2)  the  color,  a  light  drab, 
(3)  the  margin  adjacent  to  the  articulating  condyle  of  the  dactylus, 
and  (4)  2  sockets  just  below  the  upper  margin  on  the  inner  surface. 
Cat.  No.  324284,  U.S.N.M. 


GEOLOGY   AND   PALEONTOLOGY   OP   THE   CANAL  ZONE.  151 

CALLIANASSA  STRIDENS.  new  species. 

Plate  61,  figs.  12-14. 

Type-locality. — Panama  Canal  Zone.  From  third  hard  sandstone 
bed  from  bottom.  Las  Cascadas  section.  Upper  part  of  Culebra  for- 
mation. Oligocene  series.  D.  F.  MacDonald  and  T.  W.  Vaughan, 
collectors.  1911.  Station  6019e.  Cat.  No.  324281,  U.S.N.M. 

Holotype. — Manus  of  a  left  cheliped.  Only  the  upper  two-thirds 
is  visible,  the  lower  third  is  embedded  in  rock.  Upper  margin 
horizontal,  distal  and  proximal  margins  vertical,  supero-posterior 
corner  rounded.  Upper  edge  thin,  a  little  sinuous,  viewed  from  the 
top.  On  the  inner  surface  a  little  below  the  upper  edge  there  is  a 
row  of  8  short  vertical  ridges,  which  occupies  the  whole  length  of 
the  segment.  This  may  have  been  a  stridulating  mechanism. 

Measurements. — Superior  length  of  manus,  11  mm.;  thickness, 
3.1  mm. 

CALLIANASSA  MAGNA,  new  species. 
Plate  62,  figs.  1-3. 

Type-locality. — Panama  Canal  Zone.  Las  Cascadas  section,  Gail- 
lard  Cut.  From  lowest  fossiliferous  bed.  Third  bed  below  lowest 
limestone  beds  separated  by  rows  of  nodules.  Lower  part  of  upper 
half  of  Cuiebra  formation.  Oligocene  series.  D.  F.  MacDonald 
and  T.  W.  Vaughan,  collectors.  1911.  Station  60200.  Cat.  No. 
324270,  U.S.N.M. 

Measurements. — Greatest  length  of  movable  finger  (tip  broken 
off) ,  33  mm. ;  greatest  height,  13.2  mm. ;  thickness,  0.8  mm. ;  length 
of  basal  sinus,  6  mm. 

Holotype. — The  only  specimen  is  a  movable  finger  or  dactylus  of 
the  right  cheliped.  It  is  very  much  worn  and  a  considerable  portion 
of  the  tip  is  lacking.  The  lower  border  is  thin,  but  the  remainder 
is  thick  and  in  cross  section  subcircular,  and  tapers  gradually  to- 
ward the  distal  end.  At  the  proximal  end  below  there  is  a  broad 
sinus ;  the  thin  prehensile  edge  is  slightly  concave,  viewed  from  out- 
side, and  feebly  denticulate,  especially  when  viewred  from  inside; 
there  is  a  somewhat  larger  and  better  preserved  tooth  just  within  the 
margin  at  the  widest  part  of  the  finger.  Upper  margin  in  outer  view 
straight  in  its  proximal  half,  gently  curved  distally.  In  dorsal 
view  the  finger  is  much  curved  and  in  the  middle  of  its  upper  surface 
there  is  a  longitudinal  row  of  four  large  punctae. 

In  its  general  shape,  including  the  basal  sinus,  this  dactylus  re- 
sembles that  of  C.  pellucida  Rathbun,  from  the  Leeward  Islands, 
a  description  of  which  is  about  to  be  published  by  the  Carnegie  In- 
stitution, but  the  prehensile  edge  is  thinner  and  more  laminate  and 
the  inner  outline  more  concave  in  dorsal  view  instead  of  almost 
straight  as  in  that  species. 


152  BULLETIN   103,   UNITED   STATES   NATIONAL  MUSEUM. 

CALLIANASSA  CRASSA,  new  species. 

Plate  61,  figs.  1-3. 

Type-locality. — Gatun  section  A,  bed  A  (bottom  of  section). 
Lower  part  of  Gatun  formation.  Miocene  series.  D.  F.  Mac- 
Donald,  collector.  Station  6003.  Two  dactyli  of  the  left  cheliped. 

Types.— Cat.  No.  324276,  U.S.N.M. 

Measurements. — Length  of  dactylus,  16.3  mm. ;  height,  6.2  mm. 

Holotype. — Outer  and  upper  surfaces  exposed,  outline  of  tip  ob- 
scure. Viewed  from  the  outside  the  upper  outline  is  arcuate  and  the 
tip  bent  down  below  the  prehensile  edge,  which  is  nearly  horizontal. 
Viewed  from  above,  the  outer  line  is  much  curved  and  the  inner  line 
nearly  straight.  On  the  prehensile  edge  there  is  a  shallow  basal 
sinus,  followed  by  a  very  low,  broad  tooth;  rest  of  margin  faintly 
sinuous.  The  surface  shows  a  number  of  granules,  some  large,  others 
small;  the  Inrge  ones  are  about  7  on  the  outer  surface  and  5  on  the 
upper  surface:  of  the  former,  2  are  submarginal,  one  of  them  being 
above  the  lobe,  the  other  half  way  to  the  tip;  the  other  5  external 
granules  are  disposed  on  the  distal  half:  the  5  superior  granules  are 
arranged  in  2  rows,  one  row  of  3  toward  the  inner  surface,  and  the 
other  row  of  2  granules  toward  the  outer  surface;  the  proximal  of 
these  is  double.  On  the  middle  of  the  outer  surface  there  is  a  patch 
of  about  50  small  granules.  The  chalky- white  outer  layer  of  the  shell 
has  crumbled  away  except  near  the  edges,  so  that  one  can  not  tell 
whether  the  granules  were  apparent  on  that  surface.  Color  of  sur- 
face now  exposed  dull  light  bluish. 

Paratype. — About  two-thirds  as  large  as  the  holotype,  and  with 
both  ends  of  the  finger  missing.  Granules  as  follows :  3  large  above 
the  lower  margin,  2  as  in  the  holotype,  the  other  above  the  basal 
sinus;  on  the  inner  surface  are  3  similarly  spaced  but  placed  more 
distad.  On  the  upper  surface  there  is  a  row  of  4  toward  the  inner 
surface,  and  below  the  second  one  from  the  proximal  end  are  2  near 
together.  The  small  granules  are  more  separated  than  on  the  holo- 
type and  are  distributed  chiefly  on  the  upper  half  of  the  outer 
surface. 

CALLIANASSA,   species. 

Plate  59,  fig.  5. 

Locality. — Panama  Canal  Zone.  Top  part  of  limy  sandstone  be- 
low upper  conglomerate,  near  foot  of  stairs,  Gaillard  Cut.  Upper 
part  of  Culebra  formation.  Oligocene  series.  D.  F.  MacDonald 
and  T.  W.  Vaughan,  collectors.  1911.  Station  6012r.  Cat.  No. 
324277,  U.S.N.M. 

Material. — Manus  of  left  cheliped  of  a  small  specimen.  Outer  sur- 
face visible.  Very  convex  from  top  to  bottom,  a  deep  groove  next  to 
the  edge  articulating  with  the  carpus;  upper  and  lower  margins  ill- 
defined. 


GEOLOGY  AND  PALEONTOLOGY   OF   THE   CANAL   ZONE.  153 

CALLIANASSA   ?,  species. 

Plate  64,  fig.  10. 

Locality. — Panama  Canal  Zone.  Las  Cascadas  section.  From 
lower  part  of  lime-cemented  soft  gray  to  olive-colored  limestone 
(with  central  parting  of  dark  clay).  The  first  hard,  limy  sandstone 
bed  above  the  lower  limestone  just  above  station  60195.  Upper  part 
of  Culebra  formation.  Oligocene  series.  D.  F.  MacDonald  and 
T.  W.  Vaughan,  collectors.  1911.  Station  6019c.  Cat.  No.  324280, 
U.S.N.M. 

Material. — One  small  specimen  resembling  in  shape  the  merus 
joint  of  the  smaller  of  the  chelipeds  of  the  first  pair.  If  the  above 
guess  be  correct,  this  is  from  the  right  cheliped.  The  two  oblique 
grooves  near  the  distal  end  may  have  been  artificially  produced. 

Family  PAGURIDAE. 

PETROCHIRUS  BOUVIERI,  new   .pecies. 

"  Petrochirus  cf.  granulatus  Olivier  sp."     TOULA,  Jahrb.  der  k.  k.  Geolog. 
Reichsanstalt,  Wien,  vol.  61,  1011,  p.  511  [25],  pi.  30  [1],  fig.  13. 

Gatun;  Miocene  (Toula).  Not  represented  in  the  collection  at 
hand. 

There  are  two  recent  species  of  Petrochirus  on  opposite  sides  of 
the  continent,  namely,  P.  bakamensis  (Herbst)1^:^.  granulatus 
(Olivier),  which  extends  from  Florida  to  Brazil,  and  P.  calif  orni- 
en-sis  Bouvier 2  taken  at  La  Paz,  Mexico,  and  in  Ecuador.  One  of 
the  principal  differences  between  them  lies  in  the  ornamentation  of 
the  chelae.  The  right  chela  of  P.  bahamensis  is  covered  chiefly  with 
fan-shaped  clusters  of  granules,  all  of  which  trend  forward  and 
present  a  smooth,  oval  side-face  when  viewed  dorsally;  the  clusters 
vary  in  size,  and  some  are  composed  of  only  2  granules,  while  others 
are  represented  by  only  one  granule ;  all  are  fringed  anteriorly  with 
hair,  which  fills  the  interspaces.  The  right  chela  of  P.  calif  omiensis 
has  similarly  clusters  and  single  granules,  but  the  clusters  are  not 
fan-shaped  but  round,  or  nearly  round,  and  are  composed  of  a  large 
smooth  central  granule  surrounded  by  small  granules  tipped  with  a 
sharp,  horny  point ;  the  granules  are  much  more  elevated  and  have  a 
more  dorsal  inclination  than  in  bahamensis;  the  single  granules  are 
also  more  numerous  than  in  that  species. 

The  right  chela  of  the  fossil  specimen  figured  by  Toula  resembles 
that  of  P.  calif orniensis. 

The  left  chela  of  P.  bahamensis  is  covered  with  fan-shaped  clusters 
of  granules  like  those  on  its  right  chela,  but  the  clusters  are  more 

1  Cancer  lahamensis  Herbst,  Naturg.  d.  Krabben  u.  Krebse,  vol.  2,  1796,  p.  30. 
'  Bull.  Mus.  Hist.  Nat.,  Paris,  1895,  p.  6. 


154  BULLETIN   103,   UNITED   STATES   NATIONAL  MUSEUM. 

crowded,  and  single  granules  are  fewer.  The  left  chela  of  P.  cali- 
fomiensis  is  covered  with  clusters  like  those  on  its  right  chela  but 
more  crowded,  and  the  granules  of  which  they  are  composed  are  of 
a  smaller  average  size. 

The  left  chela  of  the  fossil  agrees  more  nearly  with  that  of  P. 
bahamensis. 

We  therefore  have  a  Tertiary  species  combining  the  characters  of 
two  Recent  species,  at  least  as  far  as  the  chelae  are  concerned,  possess- 
ing the  right  chela  of  one  and  the  left  chela  of  the  other. 

Tribe  BRACHYURA. 
Subtribe  DROMIACEA. 

Family  DROMIIDAE. 
Genus  GONIOCHELE  Bell. 

GONIOCHELE?  ARMATA.  new  species. 

Plate  57,  figs.  11  and  12. 

Type-locality. — Panama  Canal  Zone.  Las  Cascadas  section,  Gail- 
lard  Cut.  From  lowest  fossiliferous  bed.  Third  bed  below  lowest 
limestone  beds  separated  by  rows  of  nodules.  Lower  part  of  upper 
half  of  Culebra  formation.  Oligocene  series.  D.  F.  MacDonald 
and  T.  W.  Vaughan,  collectors.  1911.  Station  60200.  Movable 
finger  of  the  left  cheliped.  Cat.  No.  324259,  U.S.N.M. 

Measurements. — Length  of  movable  finger  (tip  broken  off) ,  19  mm. ; 
width  at  about  the  middle,  6  mm. ;  greatest  thickness,  4.5  mm. 

Holotype. — The  shape  is  elongate-triangular  viewed  from  outside, 
the  prehensile  edge  being  nearly  straight  and  the  upper  edge  slightly 
arched;  outer  surface  convex  in  both  directions.  The  prehensile 
edge  has  a  sinus  at  its  base,  defined  distally  by  a  broad  tooth  which 
is  at  present  truncate,  but  may  have  been  prolonged  in  two  small 
teeth ;  beyond  are  four  teeth  separated  by  rounded  sinuses  and  with 
their  tips  missing;  the  first  two  are  spiniform,  the  last  two  broad 
and  thin.  The  upper  margin  bears  5  low,  spaced  teeth,  while  just 
within  and  alternating  there  is  a  line  of  3  teeth.  On  the  outer  sur- 
face are  2  rows  of  tubercles  not  far  from  the  margins,  4  in  the  lower 
and  3  in  the  upper  row;  the  proximal  tubercle  in  the  upper  row 
is  bifid.  On  the  inner  surface  are  5  tubercles  besides  those  above 
mentioned,  2  in  a  longitudinal  row  in  the  middle,  2  on  the  distal  half 
a  little  above  the  prehensile  edge,  and  1  small  one  toward  the  top 
and  behind  the  middle. 


GEOLOGY  A-ND  PALEONTOLOGY  OP  THE  CANAL  ZONE.     155 

I  have  placed  this  specimen  in  Goniochele *  on  account  of  the 
dactylus  being  armed  on  both  edges,  as  in  G.  angulata  Bell,2  the 
type  of  the  genus,  and  because  the  general  shape  of  the  segment  is 
similar.  In  Bell's  species  the  dorsal  surface  is  smooth. 

Subtribe  OXYSTOMATA. 
Family  CALAPPIDAE. 

HEPATUS   CHILIENSIS  Milne  Edwards. 

Plate  66,  fig.  4. 
Hepatus  chiliensis  MILNE  EDWARDS,  Hist.  Nat.  Crust.,  vol.  2,  1837,  p.  117. 

Locality. — Panama  Canal  Zone.  From  near  Mount  Hope  in  ditch 
through  swampy  ground.  About  one-quarter  mile  from  present  sea 
beach,  6  to  8  feet  above  high  tide.  Pleistocene  series.  D.  F.  Mac- 
Donald,  collector.  April,  1911.  Station  5850.  Cat.  No.  324235, 
TJ.S.N.M. 

Material. — Dactylus  of  right  chela,  5.3  mm.  long.  This  little 
specimen  shows  all  the  essential  characters  of  recent  individuals  of 
this  species :  8  shallow  rounded  teeth  on  the  lower  margin ;  a  row  of 
5  tubercles  on  the  proximal  part  of  the  upper  margin  and  a  row  of 
4  tubercles  just  below  and  on  the  outer  surface;  still  further  down, 
2  more  tubercles;  a  stridulating  ridge  on  the  inner  surface  just 
below  the  upper  edge  is  formed  of  upwards  of  45  fine  parallel  striae 
and  occupies  the  greater  part  of  the  length  of  the  finger. 

Distribution  of  Recent  material. — Ranges  at  the  present  time  from 
Ecuador  to  Chile. 

HEPATUS,  species. 

Plate  66,  fig.  12. 

Locality. — Panama  Canal  Zone.  From  lower  part  of  lime-cemented 
'soft  gray  to  olive-colored  sandstone  (with  central  parting  of  dark 
clay).  The  first  hard  limy  sandstone  bed  above  the  lower  lime- 
stone just  above  fossil  lot  No.  60195.  Upper  part  of  Culebra  forma- 
tion. Oligocene  series.  D.  F.  MacDonald  and  T.  W.  Vaughan, 
collectors,  1911.  Station  6019c.  Cat.  No.  324239,  U.S.N.M. 

Material. — One  dactylus  of  left  chela,  much  worn  and  incom- 
plete at  both  extremities;  the  proximal  half  of  the  upper  margin  is 
also  wanting.  The  curves  in  side  view  are  much  like  those  of 
77.  chiliensis  Milne  Edwards.3  Both  inner  and  outer  surfaces  are 

1  A  Monograph  of  the  Fossil  Malacostracous  Crustacea  of  Great  Britain,  pt   1,  1857, 
p.  25. 

2  Idem,  pi.  4,  fig.  6. 

8  Hist.  Nat.  Crust.,  vol.  2,  1837,  p.  117. 

8370°— 18— Bull.  103 11 


156  BULLETIN   103,  UNITED  STATES   NATIONAL  MUSEUM. 

convex  from  top  to  bottom.  The  prehensile  edge  has  traces  of  2 
small  teeth,  one  near  the  base  and  one  at  about  the  distal  third. 
There  are  also  various  depressed  granules  or  pits,  namely,  a  row  of 
5  small  ones  on  the  upper  margin;  opposite  the  distal  one  of  these 
there  is  a  larger  one  on  the  inner  surface;  and  3  or  4  on  the  outer 
surface.  These  are  all  sunken  so  that  they  do  not  project  above  the 
present  surface,  which  is  not  the  true  outer  surface. 

This  finger  is  not  quite  so  flat  inside  as  H.  chiliensis. 

Measurements. — Length  of  dactylus,  13.6  mm.;  height  at  middle. 
3.6  mm. ;  thickness  at  middle,  2.7  mm. 

CALAPPA  COSTARICANA,  new  species. 

Plate  57,  fig.  24. 

Type-locality. — Costa  Rica:  City  of  Port  Limon.  Port  Limon 
formation.  Pliocene  series.  Dr.  L.  A.  Wailes.  4269. 

Flolotype.—C^t.  No.  324240,  U.S.N.M.  A  triangular  fragment 
measuring  about  9  mm.  on  each  margin,  representing  the  propodal 
finger  and  the  infero-distal  portion  of  the  palm  of  a  left  chela  of 
the  weaker  form — that  is,  without  a  strong  submarginal  tooth  or  lobe 
characteristic  of  the  stronger  chela  in  Calappa.  Lower  margin  very 
sinuous,  the  tip  of  the  finger  directed  upward,  proximal  half  of 
margin  armed  with  6  strong  tubercles  directed  distally.  Just  above, 
on  the  outer  side,  and  beginning  nearer  the  finger-tip  there  is  a  row 
of  11  smaller  tubercles,  normal  to  the  surface.  The  prehensile  edge 
is  nearly  straight,  inclined  at  an  angle  of  about  75°  with  the  lower 
margin  of  the  palm,  and  is  furnished  with  6  large,  unequal  tubercles, 
which  end  at  the  small  sinus  which  ordinarily  exists  just  beloAv  the 
raised  margin  surrounding  the  articulation  with  the  dactylus;  on 
the  upper  side  of  this  sinus  are  2  small  tubercles,  and  above  this 
point,  the  specimen  comes  to  an  end.  The  outer  surface  is  covered 
with  upward  of  40  flattened  scale-like  tubercles  pointing  upward; 
they  are  separated  from  the  submarginal  row  by  a  smooth  depres- 
sion. The  propodus  is  thick  and  the  inner  surface  is  beveled,  the 
bevel  for  the  most  part  smooth ;  remainder  of  inner  surface  studded 
with  very  unequal  pearly  granules  and  tubercles ;  interspace  crowded 
with  fine  punctae ;  2  sinuous  ridges  run  toward  the  finger-tip. 

This  species  resembles  C.  gallus  (Herbst)1,  which  is  found  living 
at  the  present  time  from  Florida  Keys  to  Bahia,  Brazil.  The  fossil 
species  differs  in  the  very  prominent  tubercles  of  the  lower  margin 
of  the  palm  and  the  longer  tubercles  of  the  submarginal  row  just 
above,  on  the  outer  surface. 


1  Cancer  gallus  Herbst,  Natur.  Krabben  u.  Krebse,  vol.  3,  pt.  3,  1803,  pp.  18  and  46, 
pi.  58,  flg.  1. 


GEOLOGY   AND  PALEONTOLOGY   OP   THE   CANAL   ZONE.  157 

CALAPPA  FLAMMEA    (Herbst). 

Plate  61,  figs.  4  and  5. 

Cancer  flammeus  HERBST,  Naturg.  d.  Krabben  u.  Krebse,  vol.  2,  1794,  p. 
161,  pi.  40,  fig.  2 ;  vol.  3,  pt.  3,  1803,  p.  19. 

Locality. — Near  Mount  Hope,  Panama  Canal  Zone,  in  ditch 
through  swampy  ground  about  one-fourth  mile  from  present  sea 
beach,  6  to  8  feet  above  high  tide;  Pleistocene  series;  D.  F.  Mac- 
Donald,  collector.  April,  1911.  Station  5850.  Cat.  No.  324237, 
U.S.N.M. 

Represented  only  by  one  dactylus  or  movable  finger  belonging  to 
the  stronger  chela.  The  milling  of  the  stridulating  ridge  on  the 
inner  surface  just  below  the  upper  edge  is  more  strongly  marked  than 
in  most  of  the  recent  specimens  examined. 

Measurements. — Extreme  length,  15  mm. ;  width  just  distal  to  the 
upper  marginal  tooth,  4.7  mm. 

Distribution  of  Recent  material. — From  North  Carolina  to  Colom- 
bia and  Venezuela. 

CALAPPA  ZURCHERI  Botmer. 

Catoppa  zurcherl  BOUVIEK,  Bull.  Mus.  Hist.  Nat.  Paris,  vol.  5,  1899,  p.  190, 

text-fig. 

Panama.    Lower  Miocene. 
Not  represented  in  the  Museum  collection. 

CALAPPELLA,  new  genus. 

Carapace  very  little  broader  than  long,  without  clypeiform  ex- 
pansions, but  with  a  spine  at  the  junction  of  the  antero-lateral  and 
postero-lateral  borders,  and  a  spine  at  each  end  of  the  posterior 
border. 

Front  small,  projecting  forward  beyond  the  orbits. 

Orbits  small,  directed  forward. 

In  the  narrow  front  and  small  orbits,  this  genus  resembles  Calappa, 
but  in  its  narrow  carapace  armed  with  4  slender  spines,  it  differs 
from  that  genus  as  well  as  from  all  other  Calappinae. 

Type  of  the  genus. — Calappella  quadrispina,  new  species. 

CALAPPELLA  QUADRISPINA,  new  species. 

Plate  58,  figs.  1  and  2. 

Type-locality. — Panama  Canal  Zone.  Las  Cascadas  section,  Gail- 
lard  Cut.  From  lowest  fossiliferous  bed;  third  bed  below  lowest 
Hmestone  beds  separated  by  rows  of  nodules.  Lower  part  of  upper 
half  of  Culebra  formation.  Oligocene  series.  D.  F.  MacDonald 


158  BULLETIN   103,   UNITED   STATES   NATIONAL  MUSEUM. 

and  T.  W.  Vaughan,  collectors.  1911.  Station  6020«.  Cat.  No. 
324238,  U.S.N.M. 

Measurements  (approx.). — Length  of  carapace  (spines  excluded), 
14  mm.;  width  (spines  excluded),  14.4  mm. 

Holotype. — Species  represented  by  one  specimen  showing  part  of 
the  carapace  and  no  appendages,  enclosed  in  a  nodule  which  has  been 
broken  in  two.  Nodule  not  much  larger  around  than  the  carapace. 

Carapace  nearly  as  long  as  wide,  spines  excluded ;  width  between 
outer  angles  of  orbits  a  little  greater  than  posterior  margin.  Chord 
of  the  antero-lateral  margin  nearly  twice  as  long  as  that  of  the 
postero-lateral  margin.  Antero-lateral  margin  divided  into  2  parts, 
the  anterior  two-fifths  being  slightly  convex,  the  posterior  three- 
fifths  very  convex  with  a  tubercle  at  its  middle.  Postero-lateral  mar- 
gin somewhat  sinuous,  but  in  general  concave;  posterior  margin 
slightly  convex,  about  twice  as  long  as  the  slender  spine  at  either  end 
which  is  directed  backward  and  slightly  outward.  Lateral  spine  also 
slender,  but  longer,  half  as  long  as  the  postero-lateral  margin  and 
pointing  obliquely  backward. 

The  central  and  anterior  part  of  the  surface  of  the  carapace  is 
lacking.  There  are,  however,  two  oblique,  parallel,  branchial  fur- 
rows ;  between  them  a  row  of  3  tubercles  and  some  scattered  granules ; 
the  outer  part  of  the  branchial  region  is  higher  and  rough  with 
irregular  tubercles  which  are  more  or  less  confluent.  Cardiac  region 
high,  with  a  median  tubercle  on  its  posterior  slope;  in  almost  the 
same  plane  transversely,  but  on  a  lower  level,  there  is  another  tubercle 
on  each  side  just  above  the  postero-lateral  margin. 

There  is  a  very  small  hollow  in  the  nodule  where  the  point  of  the 
front  rested,  and  on  the  other  half  of  the  nodule  may  be  seen  the 
lower  surface  of  the  front  where  it  joined  the  interantennular  septum. 

The  orbits  are  small,  their  upper  and  lower  margins  formed  by 
two  teeth,  the  innermost  advanced,  separated  by  a  blunt  V-shaped 
sinus. 

On  the  lower  surface,  the  inner  tooth  of  the  orbit  is  considerably 
elevated  (that  is,  ventrally).  A  sharp  ridge  runs  obliquely  back- 
ward from  or  near  the  epistome,  and  is  armed  with  a  tooth  at  its 
posterior  third. 

MURSIA  MACDONALDI,  new  specieg. 

Plate  58,  flg.  21. 

Type-locality. — Panama  Canal  Zone.  Las  Cascadas  section.  Fifth 
or  topmost  limestone.  Emperador  limestone.  Oligocene  series.  D. 
P.  MacDonald  and  T.  W.  Vaughan,  collectors.  1911.  One  specimen, 
part  of  left  cheliped.  Station  6019^.  Cat.  No.  324229,  U.S.N.M. 


GEOLOGY  AND  PALEONTOLOGY   OF   THE   CANAL  ZONE.  159 

Measurements. — Length  of  palm  between  articulations,  19  mm.; 
height  (approx.),  10.2  mm. 

Represented  by  the  left  palm  only,  which  has  the  customary  Calap- 
poid  form,  and  a  portion  of  the  immovable  finger ;  the  edges  are  not 
well  shown;  two  teeth  may  be  seen  near  the  distal  end  of  the  upper 
margin.  The  only  details  of  the  outer  surface  that  can  be  made  out 
are  a  few  large  tubercles,  more  or  less  compressed  as  in  Recent  species 
of  Mursia;  these  tubercles  number  about  15;  there  is  a  row  of  4 
a  little  above,  and  subparallel  to,  the  lower  margin;  from  these  4 
tubercles  irregular  rows  extend  obliquely  upward,  trending  toward 
the  fingers ;  including  those  of  the  horizontal  row,  those  of  the  distal 
oblique  row  are  4,  of  the  second  row  5,  of  the  third  row  3,  of  the 
proximal  row  3;  these  rows  are  not  strictly  parallel  nor  their  tuber- 
cles regularly  spaced.  The  lower  proximal  tubercle  is  the  largest  and 
most  compressed. 

There  is  an  indication  of  the  distal  spine  of  the  arm- joint,  which 
may  be  seen  in  the  figure. 

Resembles  Mursia  armata  de  Haan,1  but  in  that  species  the  prin- 
cipal tubercles  of  the  hand  are  9,  arranged  in  3  parallel  and  fairly 
regular  rows. 

MURSIA  OBSCURA,  new  species. 

Plate  61,  fig.  18. 

Type-locality. — Near  Panama  Canal  Station  "  1910,"  north  of 
Pedro  Miguel  locks,  Panama  Canal  Zone.  From  dark  clay,  lower 
part  of  Culebra  formation.  Oligocene  series.  D.  F.  MacDonald 
and  T.  W.  Vaughan,  collectors.  1911.  Station  6010.  Cat.  No. 
324225,  U.S.N.M. 

Measurements  of  fragmentary  specimen,  8.2  mm.  long,  9  mm.  wide. 

Uolotype. — The  central  part  of  the  carapace,  devoid  of  its  margin, 
except  perhaps  the  middle  of  the  posterior  margin.  This  fragment 
is  embedded  wrong  side  up  in  a  piece  of  rock;  only  the  thin  outer 
crust  of  the  specimen  remains  and  its  under  surface  alone  is  visible. 
It  has  been  referred  to  this  genus  because  the  cavities  or  pits,  which 
represent  tubercles  on  the  dorsal  surface  of  the  shell,  are  arranged 
much  as  in  Mursia.  There  are  5  longitudinal  rows  of  these  pits :  The 
median  row  consists  of  3  large  pits.,  one  cardiac,  one  genital,  one  gas- 
tric, preceded  by  2  small  pits  side  by  side;  the  two  lateral  rows 
(on  each  side)  are  very  little  oblique  to  the  median  line,  but  sub- 
parallel  to  each  other;  the  inner  of  these  rows  consists  of  4  pits,  the 
penultimate  one  being  in  a  transverse  line  with  the  last  pit  of  the 
median  row ;  the  last  pit  of  the  inner  lateral  row  is  round  and  deep 

1  Fauna  Japonlca,  1839,  p.  73,  pi.  19,  fig.  2. 


160  BULLETIN   103,   UNITED   STATES   NATIONAL  MUSEUM. 

and  indicates  a  large  excrescence,  perhaps  a  spine,  on  the  dorsal  sur- 
face; 3  pits  only  are  visible  in  the  outer  row,  the  middle  pit  is  in 
transverse  line  with  the  anterior  pit  of  the  other  rows,  while  the 
anterior  pit  of  the  outer  row  is  not  quite  in  line  with  the  two  behind 
it.  Either  side  of  the  pair  of  small  submedian  gastric  pits  there  is 
a  large  cavity.  The  furrows  separating  the  branchial  from  the 
gastric  and  cardiac  regions  are  indicated  by  sinuous  ridges. 

Judging  from  the  proximity  of  the  rows  of  pits,  this  carapace  is 
narrower  in  proportion  to  its  length  than  in  other  species  of  Mursia. 
This  together  with  the  evidence  of  a  strong  prominence  near  the 
postero-lateral  borders  points  to  a  genus  different  from  any  described. 

MURSILIA,  new  genus. 

The  manus  resembles  that  of  Mursia,  but  lacks  the  crest  or  ridge 
on  the  inferior  margin.  . 

Type  of  the  genus. — Mursilia  ecristata,  new  species. 

MURSILIA  ECRISTATA,  new  species. 

Plate  57,  fig.  27. 

Type-locality. — Gatun  beds.  Gatun  formation.  Miocene  series. 
"Robert  T.  Hill,  collector. 

Holotype.—Cat.  No.  135219,  U.S.N.M. 

Measurements. — Length  of  palm,  9.8  mm.,  height  of  palm,  7.4  mm. 

Represented  by  only  one  specimen  showing  the  right  palm  and  a 
portion  of  the  wrist.  Palm  short  and  high.  Surface  finely  and 
rather  distantly  granulated  on  the  upper  half  of  the  outer  surface 
and  at  the  proximal  end ;  more  closely  granulated  on  the  lower  sur- 
face. There  are  9  large  tubercles  arranged  in  3  oblique,  subparallel 
rows ;  the  tubercle  at  the  inferior  proximal  corner  is  much  the  largest, 
is  flattened  above  and  has  a  raised  rim;  between  it  and  the  next 
tubercle  in  the  horizontal  row,  but  a  little  below,  there  is  a  smaller 
tubercle.  Below  the  distal  tubercle  of  the  horizontal  row  of  3,  and 
nearer  the  inner  than  the  outer  surface  there  is  a  small  tubercle.  On 
the  upper  margin  there  are  7  narrow,  thickened  teeth  similar  to  those 
of  Calappa.  .  Below  the  sinus  between  the  fifth  and  sixth  teeth 
(counting  from  the  wrist)  there  is  a  low  tubercle;  also  one  on  the 
base  of  the  second  tooth.  A  part  of  a  tubercle  near  the  beginning  of 
the  immovable  finger  is  visible. 

The  outline  of  the  wrist  is  defined,  but  very  little  of  the  surface 
remains ;  a  small  piece  near  the  distal  upper  corner  is  granulated  like 
the  upper  half  of  the  palm. 

The  tuberculation  of  the  manus  or  palm  resembles  that  of  Mursia, 
the  dentation  of  the  upper  margin  is  nearer  that  of  Calappa,  while 


GEOLOGY  AND  PALEONTOLOGY  OF  THE  CANAL  ZONE.     161 

the  segment  differs  from  both  those  genera  in  lacking  the  crest  on  the 
lower  margin  of  the  palm. 

Family  LEUCOSIIDAE. 

LEUCOSILIA  JURINEI    (Saussnre). 

Gruaia  (ilia)  jurinei  SAUSSUBE,  Rev.  et  Mag.  de  Zool.,  No.  8,  1853,  p.  12, 

pi.  13,  fig.  4. 
Leucosilia  jurinii  BELL,  Trans.  Linn.  Soc.  London,  vol.  21,  1855,  p.  295,  pi.  32, 

fig.  1. 

Locality. — Panama  Canal  Zone.  From  near  Mount  Hope  in  ditch 
through  swampy  ground.  About  one-quarter  mile  from  present  sea 
beach,  6  to  8  feet  above  high  tide.  Pleistocene  series.  D.  F.  Mac- 
Donald,  collector.  April,  1911.  Station  5850. 

Material. — Six  small  arm- joints  more  or  less  worn;  four  of  them 
are  incomplete  at  one  or  both  ends. 

Size. — Length  of  a  large  one,  5.6  mm. 

Distribution  of  Recent  Material. — Ranges  from  Mazatlan,  Mexico, 
to  Peru  and  the  Galapagos  Islands. 

LEUCOSILIA  BANANENSIS,  new  species. 

Plate  57,  figs.  6-8. 

Type-locality. — Banana  River,  Costa  Rica.  Probably  equivalent 
to  Gatun  formation.  Miocene  series.  D.  F.  MacDonald,  collec- 
tor. 1911.  Station  5882A,  56,  1  arm.  holotype,  from  seventh  fos- 
silif  erous  zone  below  the  uppermost  one  of  the  section.  Station  5882^, 
5#,  1  arm,  paratype  (a) ,  from  sixth  fossiliferous  zone  below  the  up- 
permost one  of  the  section.  Station  5882/,  3/,  1  arm,  paratype  (6), 
from  fifth  fossiliferous  zone  below  the  uppermost  one  of  the  section. 

Types.— Cat.  Nos.  324230,  324231,  and  324232,  U.S.N.M. 

Measurements. — Length  of  holotype,  11.1  mm.;  greatest  diameter, 
4.2  mm. 

Represented  by  only  3  arms  from  3  different  layers.  The  best 
specimen  represents  the  left  arm  nearly  complete,  lacking  only  the 
distal  articulating  edge. 

Shape  subcylindrical,  slightly  compressed  in  a  vertical  direction, 
the  greatest  diameter  being  proximal  to  the  middle,  the  smallest 
diameter  at  the  proximal  end.  The  ornamentation  consists  of 
tubercles  or  large  granules,  the  granules  becoming  small  at  both  ends 
of  the  arm ;  around  the  middle  of  the  segment  the  granules  number 
about  15 ;  the  tops  of  the  granules  are  broken  off  so  that  they  appear 
much  flatter  than  they  really  were.  Compared  with  L.  jurinei,  the 
arm  is  more  swollen,  the  granules  less  numerous,  more  equal  and 
further  apart. 


162  BULLETIN  103,   UNITED  STATES   NATIONAL  MUSEUM. 

'LEUCOSIIDAE?,  genus  and  species  indeterminable. 

Plate  60,  figs.  7  and  8. 

Locality — Panama  Canal  Zone.  From  near  Mount  Hope  in  ditch 
through  swampy  ground.  About  one-quarter  mile  from  present  sea 
beach,  6  to  8  feet  above  high  tide.  Pleistocene  series.  D.  F.  Mac- 
Donald,  collector.  April,  1911.  Station  5850.  Cat.  No.  324236, 
U.S.N.M. 

Matei^ial. — Dactylus  of  left  chela,  11.4  mm.  long,  with  proximal 
end  lacking.  This  dactylus  differs  from  those  of  Persephona  and 
allied  genera  in  its  strong  curvature  upwards,  supposing  the  pre- 
hensile edge  to  be  directed  inwards.  This  edge  is  nearly  straight 
except  just  at  the  tip  and  is  armed  with  25  small  unequal  teeth,  2  of 
which  in  the  proximal  third  are  the  largest.  Besides  this  edge  the 
surface  is  composed  of  4  high,  smoothly  rounded  ridges  separated 
by  narrow  grooves;  2  of  the  ridges  are  inferior,  and  2  superior,  the 
outermost  of  the  latter  embracing  the  outer  edge  and  having  a  longi- 
tudinal row  of  punctae  near  its  middle.  Each  side  of  the  prehensile 
edge  there  are  2  or  3  rows  of  punctae.  Tip  of  finger  bent  rather 
abruptly  but  obliquely  inward,  while  in  its  upward  trend  it  continues 
the  curve  of  the  rest  of  the  dactylus. 

Subtribe  BRACHYGNATHA. 

Superfamily  BRACHYRHYNCHA. 

Family  PORTUNIDAE. 

CALLINECTES  DECLIVIS,  new  species. 

Plate  66,  figs.  1-3. 

Type-locality. — Banana  Eiver,  Costa  Rica.  Eighth  fossiliferous 
zone  below  the  uppermost  one  of  the  section.  Probably  equivalent 
to  Gatum  formation.  Miocene  series.  D.  F.  MacDonald,  collector. 
1911.  Station  5882i;  5c.  Cat.  No.  324262,  U.S.N.M. 

Measurements. — Greatest  height,  14  mm.;  length  of  manus  meas- 
ured horizontally  from  extreme  base  of  proximal  spine,  21  mm.; 
thickness,  9.2  mm. 

Holotype. — The  propodus  of  the  left  cheliped,  with  the  tip  of  the 
finger  broken  off.  The  palm  is  prismatic  as  in  recent  species  of 
Callinectes,  with  7  facets,  more  or  less  distinct ;  4  facets  on  the  outer 
surface  and  3  on  the  inner  surface.  The  surface,  or  what  remains  of 
it,  is  smooth  and  shining  to  the  naked  eye,  but  under  a  lens,  shows 
very  fine  granulation,  and  larger  scattered  punctae.  The  facets  are 
separated  by  blunt  ridges;  one  facet  is  a  little  above  the  middle  of 


GEOLOGY  AND  PALEONTOLOGY   OF   THE   CAN*AL  ZONE.  163 

the  outer  surface,  and  has  subparallel  margins ;  the  facet  below  this 
widens  distally  and  its  lower  edge,  not  very  prominent,  is  continued 
upon  the  finger,  where  it  is  sharper ;  the  lower  facet  of  the  outer  sur- 
face is  not  sharph-  marked;  the  facet  above  the  middle  narrows 
slightly  toward  either  end  and  has  raised  margins;  at  its  proximal 
end  there  is  the  stout  base  of  a  large  spine  such  as  exists  in  Callinectes 
of  the  present  day.  The  upper  facet  of  the  inner  surface  is  narrow, 
wider  in  the  middle  than  at  the  ends,  and  is  not  depressed,  its  distal 
outer  corner  only  is  visible  when  the  manus  is  viewed  externally; 
at  the  distal  end  just  outside  the  inner  margin  is  an  indication  that 
a  spine  has  been  broken  off.  The  remainder  of  the  inner  surface  is 
divided  into  2  facets  of  nearly  equal  width  separated  by  a  prominent 
ridge. 

The  finger  is  a  little  curved  inward;  on  the  outer  and  inner  sur- 
face there  are  2  grooves,  each  with  a  row  of  large  punctae,  the  groove 
at  the  middle  of  each  surface  being  deeper  than  that  near  the  pre- 
hensile teeth.  The  teeth  are  of  moderate  size,  irregular,  the  larger 
ones  alternating  with  one  or  two  smaller  ones ;  at  the  broad  proximal 
end  of  the  cutting  edge  there  are  2  small  teeth  side  by  side,  one  near 
the  inner  the  other  near  the  outer  surface. 

This  propodus  differs  from  those  of  all  the  Recent  Callinectes  in 
the  position  of  the  uppermost  facet.  In  G.  sapidus,  etc.,  this  facet  is 
a  part  of  the  outer  series,  that  is,  continues  the  slope  of  the  adjoining 
facet  on  the  outer  surface ;  while  in  the  fossil  it  inclines  downward 
toward  the  inner  surface  except  at  the  distal  end  where  it  is  nearly 
horizontal.  Furthermore,  the  propodus  is  shorter  in  proportion  to 
its  height  than  in  recent  Callinectes. 

I  have  placed  this  species  in  Callinectes  rather  than  in  Portunus 
(=Neptunu#  of  authors)  because  the  palm  is  nearer  the  shape  of 
Callinectes  than  it  is  to  similar  segments  in  the  genus  Portunus,  as 
P.  sanguinolentus  ;  the  fossil  is  very  unlike  any  Portunus  now  living 
on  the  coast  of  tropical  America. 

CALLINECTES  RETICULATUS,  new  species. 

Plate  66,  figs.  5-7. 

Type-locality. — Panama  Canal  Zone.  Las  Cascadas  section,  Gail- 
lard  Cut.  From  lowest  fossiliferous  bed;  third  bed  below  lowest 
limestone  beds  separated  by  rows  of  nodules.  Lower  part  of  upper 
half  of  Culebra  formation.  Oligocene  series.  D.  F.  MacDonald 
and  T.  W.  Vaughan,  collectors.  1911.  Station  60200.  Cat.  No. 
324261,  U.S.N.M. 

Measurements. — Greatest  height  of  manus,  15.6  mm.;  length  of 
manus  measured  horizontally  on  middle  of  outer  surface,  19.2  mm. ; 
thickness,  10  mm. 


164  BULLETIN   103,   UNITED  STATES   NATIONAL  MUSEUM. 

Holotype. — The  propodus  of  the  right  cheliped,  the  immovable 
finger  being  broken  off  near  its  middle. 

In  shape,  this  hand  is  shorter,  higher,  and  thicker  than  the  pre- 
ceding. The  surface,  aside  from  the  ridges  and  the  uppermost  facet 
is  covered  with  a  fine  reticulation  of  transverse  grooves.  The  facets 
are  7  in  number  and  in  position  are  like  those  of  C.  declivis,  except- 
ing that  the  narrow  uppermost  one  which  appears  to  belong  to  the 
inner  surface  in  C.  declivis  is  more  horizontal  in  C.  reticulatus  and 
forms  the  upper  surface  of  the  segment.  The  next  facet  on  the  outer 
side  is  narrowest  at  the  distal  end  and  widens  to  the  middle,  after 
which  the  margins  are  subparallel;  the  next  facet  widens  distally, 
and  the  next  also,  but  in  a  lesser  degree :  the  lower  facet  is  ill  defined. 
The  2  facets  of  the  inner  surface  are  subequal  and  widen  distally. 

There  is  the  base  of  a  tooth  at  the  inner  distal  end  of  the  upper 
facet,  and  a  short  blunt  spine  at  the  distal  end  of  the  crest  between 
the  upper  and  middle  facets.  If  there  was  a  tooth  at  the  proximal 
end  it  is  broken  off. 

The  propodal  finger  bears  on  its  upper  edge  the  stumps  of  3  sub- 
equal  teeth;  nearer  the  palm  on  the  same  surface  there  are  2  small 
acute  tubercles  transversely  placed,  the  inner  one  the  larger. 

Aside  from  the  difference  in  shape  and  ornamentation  between  this 
species  and  the  preceding,  there  is  a  difference  in  the  form  of  the 
facets  which  may  be  seen  by  comparing  figures  5  to  7  with  1  to  3  on 
plate  66. 

CALLINECTES,  species. 

Plate  65,  figs.  1  and  i>. 

Locality. — Panama  Canal  Zone.  From  the  4  feet  of  dark,  strati- 
fied tuff  and  clay  immediately  overlying  the  lower  limestone  bed, 
Las  Cascadas  section.  Upper  part  of  Culebra  formation.  Oligo- 
cene  series.  D.  F.  MacDonald  and  T.  W.  Vaughan,  collectors. 
1911.  Station  60196.  Cat.  No.  324255,  U.S.N.M. 

A  specimen  of  a  left  manus  and  carpus,  very  much  worn,  the  upper 
and  lower  margins  and  the  distal  end  of  the  manus  being  lacking. 
The  palm  is  narrower  than  in  C.  reticulatus  described  above;  the 
facet  near  the  middle  of  the  outer  surface  is  wider  than  in  C.  declivis, 
and  widens  distally  instead  of  having  subparallel  margins  as  in  that 
species. 

CALLINECTES,  species. 

Plate  65,  fig.  7. 

Locality. — Panama  Canal  Zone.  From  top  part  of  limy  sandstone 
below  upper  conglomerate,  near  foot  of  stairs,  Gaillard  Cut.  Upper 
part  of  Culebra  formation.  Oligocene  series.  D.  F.  MacDonald 


GEOLOGY  AND  PALEONTOLOGY   OF   THE   CANAL   ZONE.  165 

and  T.  W.  Vaughan,  collectors.  1911.  Station  6012c.  Cat.  No. 
324268,  U.S.N.M. 

The  distal  third  of  the  immovable  finger  of  a  claw  of  a  Callinectes- 
On  the  prehensile  edge  is  shown  the  most  distal  of  the  large  teeth 
customary  in  the  genus  followed  (toward  the  tip)  by  3  smaller  teeth: 
the  tip  is  defective,  having  been  broken  off,  then  reattached  in  the 
wrong  place.  There  is  a  punctated  groove  down  the  middle  of  the 
inner  and  the  outer  surface. 

Of  the  species  of  Callinectes  living  on  the  Pacific  coast  of  America r 
this  fragment  resembles  most  C.  toxotes  Ordway,1  which  occurs  from 
Cape  St.  Lucas  to  Peru. 

ARENAEUS,  species. 

Plate  64,  fig.  1. 

Locality. — Panama  Canal  Zone.  From  near  Mount  Hope  in  ditch 
through  swampy  ground.  About  one-quarter  mile  from  present  sea 
beach,  6  to  8  feet  above  high  tide.  Pleistocene  series.  D.  F.  Mac- 
Donald,  collector.  April,  1911.  Station  5850.  Cat.  No.  324252, 
U.S.N.M. 

Material. — Five  fingers  worn  and  more  or  less  incomplete.  Prob- 
ably all  are  movable  fingers  or  dactyli.  Length  of  most  perfect 
specimen.  8.2  mm.  On  the  outer  surface  there  are  two  grooves  dotted 
with  minute  punctae;  one  is  shallow  and  near  the  prehensile  teeth, 
the  other  is  above  the  middle  of  the  segment;  on  the  upper  surface 
there  are  also  two  punctated  grooves,  but  near  together,  while  the 
inner  surface  has  two  furrows  similar  to  those  of  the  outer  surface. 
Three  or  four  of  the  prehensile  teeth  are  enlarged  as  is  usual  in 
Portunids,  and  the  tip  is  curved  downward.  There  are  evidences  of 
close  granulation  on  the  uppermost  ridges  and  on  the  proximal  part 
of  the  segment. 

This  is  near  A.  mexicanus  (Gerstaecker2),  a  Recent  species  which 
occurs  from  the  west  coast  of  Mexico  to  Peru.  The  shape,  curvature, 
tmd  granulation  are  similar,  but  three  of  the  six  grooves  belong  defi- 
nitely to  the  outer  surface. 

EUPHYLAX  CALLINECTIAS,  new  gpecies. 

Plate  65,  figs.  3-6. 

Type-locality. — Banana  River.  Costa  Rica ;  ninth  f ossilif erous  zone 
below  the  uppermost  one  of  the  section.  Probably  equivalent  to  Gatun 
formation.  Miocene  series.  D.  F.  MacDonald,  collector.  1911. 
Station  5882?;  U.  Cat.  No.  324234,  U.S.N.M. 

1  Boston  Joura.  Nat.  Hist.,  vol.  7,  1863,  p.  576. 

2  Euctenota  mexicana  Gorstaeeker,  Arch,  fiir  Naturg.,  vol.  22,  pt.  1,  1856,  p.  131,  pi.  5, 
figs.  3  and  4. 


166  BULLETIN   103,   UNITED  STATES   NATIONAL  MUSEUM. 

Measurements. — Length  of  carapace,  45  mm. ;  gastro-cardiac  suture. 
9.6  mm. 

Holotype. — One  male  specimen,  showing  parts  of  the  upper  and 
lower  surfaces,  but  no  appendages.  The  outer  layer  of  the  shell  of 
the  carapace  remains  only  in  the  central  part,  where  the  gastric, 
branchial  and  cardiac  regions  meet.  This  surface  is  granulated  and 
areolated  much  as  in  Collinectes^  that  is,  the  regions  are  separated 
by  definite  depressions,  the  gastro-cardiac  groove  is  transverse,  there 
is  an  areola  at  the  inner  angle  of  the  branchial  region,  but  there  is  a 
shallower  division  into  2  lobules  than  in  Callinectes.  The  post- 
gastric  area  is  incomplete  anteriorly,  so  that  it  is  impossible  to  tell 
whether  it  is  marked  by  a  raised  and  granulated  margin;  the  shape 
of  this  area  most  nearly  resembles  that  of  G.  exasperatus  (Ger- 
staecker2),  and  its  granulation  that  of  C.  bocourti  A.  Milne  Edwards, 
the  granules  being  absent  or  sparse  along  the  lateral  and  posterior 
borders.  Across  the  middle  of  the  gastric  region  runs  a  blunt  eleva- 
tion, concave  forward.  The  branchial  region  is  divided  in  two  by 
a  depression  running  obliquely  backward  and  outward.  These  last 
two  features  suggest  the  carapace  of  Euphylax  dovii  Stimpson,8  a 
species  now  existing  on  the  Pacific  coast  of  America,  between  Central 
America  and  Payta,  Peru. 

Anterior  margin  very  broad,  as  in  E.  dovii,  most  of  it  being 
occupied  by  the  orbits;  the  front  is  narrow,  T-shaped,  much  con- 
stricted at  base;  the  anterior  part  of  the  T  has  a  concave  surface 
and  is  deflexed  to  meet  the  epistomial  spine.  This  is  more  advanced 
than  the  front;  its  tip  is  broken  off.  The  upper  margin  of  <he 
orbit  slopes  backward  and  outward  and  is  somewhat  undulating. 
The  shape  of  the  orbit  can  not  be  definitely  made  out,  but  a  portion 
of  the  smooth  inner  lining  of  the  outer  extremity  remains.  The 
indications  are  that  the  eyestalk  is  long  and  the  cornea!  extremity 
large,  as  in  E.  dovii. 

The  sternum  and  abdomen  resemble  those  of  E.  dovii,  the  anterior 
end  of  the  sternum  is  depressed,  the  depression  having  a  Comdex 
posterior  margin,  from  which  a  furrow  leads  back  to  the  abdomen. 
Surface  of  sternum  and  abdomen  covered  with  large  and  distant 
punctae.  Abdomen  broadly  triangular;  first  segment  not  dis- 
tinguishable; second,  third,  and  fourth  segments  each  crossed  by  a 
transverse  ridge;  third,  fourth,  and  fifth  fused,  and  perhaps  also  the 
second  with  them.  The  sides  of  the  penult  segment  are  less  con- 
vergent than  in  E.  dovii. 

This  species  in  all  the  characters  visible  in  the  type-specimen  re- 
sembles the  genus  Euphylax  as  typified  by  E.  dovii  excepting  in  the 

1Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  vol.  18,  1896,  pis.  12-23. 

2  Arch.  f.  Naturg.,  vol.  22,  pt.  1,  1856,  p.  129. 

3  Ann.  Lye.  Nat.  Hist.  N.  Y.,  vol.  7,  1860,  p.  226,  pi.  5,  fig.  5. 


GEOLOGY  AND  PALEONTOLOGY   OF    THE   CANAL  ZONE.  167 

areolation  and  ornamentation  of  the  central  part  of  the  carapace 
which  indicate  an  affinity  with  Callinectes. 

EUPHYLAX  FORTIS,  new  species. 

Plate  64,  figs.  11-13. 

Type-locality. — Banana  River,  Costa  Rica ;  tenth  f ossilif erous  zone 
below  the  uppermost  one  of  the  section.  Probably  equivalent  to 
Gatun  formation.  Miocene  series.  D.  F.  MacDonald,  collector. 
October,  1911.  Station  5882A.  Cat.  No.  324233,  U.S.N.M. 

Measurements. — Length  of  body  (approx.),  43.5  mm.;  length  of 
movable  finger,  27.3  mm. ;  width  of  the  sternum  between  the  coxae 
of  the  chelipeds,  24.5  mm. 

Holotype. — One  specimen  showing  a  part  of  the  lower  surface 
and  the  right'  cheliped.  The  abdomen  resembles  that  of  an  imma- 
ture female  or  is  possibly  that  of  a  male. 

Sternum  broad,  surface  rough  with  coarse  punctae  and  fine  reticu- 
lating lines ;  anterior  part  depressed  and  with  a  median  groove  lead- 
ing back  to  the  abdomen  much  as  in  E.  callinectias ;  the  ridge  just 
in  front  of  the  abdomen  is  more  transverse  t'han  in  that  species. 

Abdomen  broadly  triangular;  it  is  impossible  to  tell  which  seg- 
ments, if  any,  are  fused;  terminal  segment  subequilateral ;  surface 
of  sixth  and  seventh  segments  like  that  of  the  sternum,  of  fourth 
and  fifth  segments  covered  with  a  low,  confluent  granulation. 

Ischium  of  external  maxilliped  with  a  longitudinal  groove,  the 
surface  on  the  inner  side  of  the  groove  more  raised  than  on  the 
outer  side. 

Cheliped  elongate.  A  cross  section  of  the  arm  is  shown  and  a 
portion  of  its  lower  surface;  this  last  has  a  broad  longitudinal  de- 
pression through  the  middle,  and  the  surface  near  the  margins,  at 
least,  is  coarsely  granulate. 

The  general  outline  of  the  fingers  can  be  made  out  and  the  sur- 
face of  some  of  the  prehensile  teeth.  The  fingers  are  elongate,  as 
in  the  usual  Portunid,  and  gradually  taper,  ending  in  slender  black 
tips  which  cross  each  other.  The  prehensile  teeth  are  large,  thick, 
dark-colored,  and  very  irregular,  the  one  at  the  base  of  the  dactylus 
being  the  largest;  they  appear  to  fit  close  together.  The  cheliped 
is  larger  and  stronger  in  proportion  to  the  size  of  the  body  than  in 
any  recent  species  of  Portunid. 

The  generic  position  of  this  species  is  problematical ;  in  the  width 
of  the  sternum  it  resembles  Euphylax;  in  the  strong  teeth  of  the 
digits  it  approaches  Scylla,  while  the  groove  on  the  lower  side  of  the 
arm  joint  is  unique. 


168  BULLETIN   103,   UNITED   STATES   NATIONAL   MUSEUM. 

GATUNIIDAE,  new  family. 
Characters  of  the  type  genus,  Gatunia. 

GATUNIA,  new  genus. 

Carapace  of  the  customary  Cancrid  outline,  that  is,  transversely 
oval,  with  a  narrow,  dentate  front  (between  the  orbits) ;  orbits  nar- 
row, with  a  forward  inclination;  antero-lateral  margins  arcuater 
longer  than  the  postero-lateral,  and  armed  with  8  teeth,  including 
the  orbital  '  tooth ;  postero-lateral  margins  strongly  convergent. 
Genital  region  very  narrow.  Carapace  without  transverse  ridges. 

Outer  maxilliped  with  the  ischium  greatly  elongate,  and  longi- 
tudinally grooved. 

Chelipeds  massive;  palms  thick,  not  flattened  on  the  inner  side, 
devoid  of  ridges  on  the  outer  side. 

Last  pair  of  feet  with  the  propodus  and  dactylus  flattened  and 
broadened  to  form  a  swimming  organ  as  in  the  Portunids. 

Abdomen  of  the  male  with  the  third,  fourth,  and  fifth  segments 
fused. 

This  genus  resembles  the  family  Cancridae  in  the  form  of  the- 
carapace,  front  and  orbits ;  while  the  swimming  paddles  and  the  ab- 
domen are  like  those  of  the  Portunidae.  The  chelipeds  approach 
those  of  the  genus  Scylla  in  their  massiveness,  long  fingers  and  lack 
of  costae,  but  the  absence  of  spines  gives  them  the  appearance  of 
many  of  the  Xanthidae. 

Type  of  the  genus. — Gatunia  proavita  Rathbun. 

GATUNIA  PROAVITA,  new  species. 
Plates  54-56 ;  plate  58,  figs.  16  and  17. 

Type-locality. — Gatun  formation,  near  Gatun  Dam,  Panama  Canal 
Zone.  Miocene  series.  Collected  by  one  of  the  workmen  and 
shipped  by  D.  F.  Macdonald.  Station  5659.  One  specimen  (holo- 
type),  nearly  complete.  Cat.  No.  324289,  TJ.S.KM. 

Measurements. — Length  of  carapace,  from  tip  of  submedian  teeth., 
133.2  mm.;  from  median- sinus,  128.3  mm.;  width,  between  tips  of 
teeth  of  posterior  pair,  182.5  mm. ;  width  between  teeth  of  penulti- 
mate pair,  the  same. 

Holotype. — Carapace  about  1£  times  as  wide  as  long;  antero-lateral 
margin  strongly  arched,  cut  into  7  strong  teeth,  besides  the  tooth; 
at  the  outer  angle  of  the  orbit ;  teeth  similar  in  shape,  having  a  convex 
posterior  and  a  concave  anterior  margin,  tip  acute;  the  7  teeth  in- 
crease in  size  from  the  first  to  the  fifth  and  then  diminish  to  the 


GEOLOGY  AND  PALEONTOLOGY  OF  THE  CANAL  ZONE.     169 

seventh,  which  is  the  most  spiniform.  The  orbit  has  a  strong  tooth 
at  the  outer  and  at  the  inner  angle  and  one  less  prominent  between ; 
below  the  inner  angle  there  is  a  narrow  tooth  more  advanced  than 
those  above.  Frontal  region,  between  the  orbits,  with  a  concave 
dorsal  surface ;  anterior  border  cut  into  4  teeth,  those  of  the  middle 
pair  nearer  to  each  other  than  they  are  to  those  of  the  outer  pair,  and 
separated  by  a  shallower  sinus;  teeth  of  inner  pair  oblong,  with 
rounded  end;  those  of  outer  pair  thicker.  Postero-lateral  margins 
nearly  straight;  posterior  margin  slightly  convex  and  thickened. 

Surface  covered  with  a  pavement  of  fine,  flattened  granules,  and 
with  less  numerous  and  unequal  punctae  visible  to  the  naked  eye. 
The  depression  between  the  gastric  and  branchial  regions  is  well 
marked  except  anteriorly,  the  hepatic  region  not  being  defined. 
Genital  region  very  narrow,  longer  than  wide.  Cardiac  and  intestinal 
regions  incompletely  outlined. 

Neither  the  eyes  nor  the  antennae  are  visible. 

Epistome  subtriangular,  prolonged  downward  «t  the  middle  in  an 
acute  angle;  thence  a  small  button-hole  groove  runs  obliquely  back- 
ward. Palatal  ridge  strong  except  anteriorly  where  it  is  low  and 
blunt.  Pterygostomian  region  granulate,  densely  so  near  the  buccal 
cavity.  On  the  sternum  a  furrow  runs  obliquely  forward  from  the 
coxae  of  the  chelipeds  to  the  median  line. 

The  abdomen  of  the  male  is  broad  and  at  the  base  reaches  to  the 
coxae  of  the  last  pair  of  feet;  there  is  only  one  segment  visible  be- 
tween the  carapace  and  the  third  segment;  it  is  probably  the  second, 
while  the  first  is  hidden  under  the  carapace  much  as  in  the  Portunid 
genus  Callinectes;  the  second  is  of  nearly  even  length  throughout 
its  width ;  the  third,  fourth  and  fifth  are  fused,  but  their  extent  is 
indicated  by  indentations  in  the  lateral  margins  and  by  a  short  groove 
at  the  middle;  the  3d  segment  is  produced  sideways  beyond  the 
2d  and  4th  and  its  margins  are  very  convex;  margins  of  the  4th  to 
6th  segments,  inclusive,  taken  together  are  slightly  convergent,  those 
of  the  4th  a  little  convex;  6th  segment  about  If  times  as  wide  as  long; 
terminal  segment  nearly  as  long  as  the  preceding,  subtriangular,  end 
rounded. 

Chelipeds  very  stout,  in  general  smooth,  there  being  no  ridges  nor 
spines.  The  surface  is  finely  granulate  and  punctate,  the  granules 
a  little  higher  than  on  the  carapace.  The  inferior,  anterior  margin 
is  the  only  margin  of  the  merus  visible;  it  is  smoothly  rounded. 
Carpus  massive,  with  a  broad  tooth  at  inner  angle.  Chelae  unequal, 
thick,  broadly  rounded  above  and  below  without  marginal  lines; 
right  or  larger  manus  about  1£  times  as  long  as  high,  left  or  smaller 
manus  about  1£  times  as  long  as  high;  next  the  articulation  of  the 
larger  palm  with  the  dactylus  there  is  a  large  lobe  or  tooth  directed 
toward  the  end  of  the  dactylus,  as  in  Scylla.  The  digits  each  have  2 


170  BULLETIN  103,  UNITED  STATES  NATIONAL  MUSEUM. 

longitudinal  punctate  impressions  on  the  outer  surface,  the  larger 
dactylus  is  more  arched  than  the  smaller;  the  fingers  cross  each 
other  a  little  before  the  tips,  at  least  in  the  smaller  chela;  the  end 
of  the  larger  immovable  finger  is  broken  off ;  prehensile  edges  armed 
with  large  irregular,  separated  teeth,  the  basal  tooth  of  the  larger 
dactylus  being  of  enormous  size  and  directed  obliquely  backward 
as  in  Scylla.  The  distal  half  or  two-fifths  of  the  fingers  is  dark- 
colored,  also  the  prehensile  teeth. 

The  3  pairs  of  ambulatory  legs  are  only  partially  preserved ;  they 
would,  if  extended,  reach  about  to  the  middle  of  the  manus  of  the 
chelipeds;  the  first  five  segments  are  stout;  the  propodus,  of  which 
only  impressions  exist,  has  a  groove  through  the  middle  and  appears 
to  be  flattened ;  the  dactylus  can  not  be  made  out  with  any  degree  of 
certainty;  the  swimming- feet,  or  those  of  the  last  pair,  are  very 
broad,  the  carpus  is  as  broad  as  long;  the  propodus  is  about  twice 
as  long  as  broad;  the  dactylus  is  lanceolate-oval,  about  2£  times  as 
long  as  broad.  * 

Another  specimen  (paratype  a)  lacking  the  dentate  border  of  the 
carapace,  and  all  appendages  except  the  coxal  joints  of  the  legs,  was 
taken  from  the  Gatun  formation,  Gatun  Locks,  by  D.  F.  MacDonald, 
May,  1911.  Station  5900.  Cat.  No.  324241,  TJ.S.N.M. 

A  much  smaller  specimen  (paratype  6)  which  is  identified  as 
probably  belonging  to  this  species  is  labeled :  "  Near  Gatun.  Mio- 
cene. Eev.  G.  Rowell.  Cat.  No.  113706,  U.S.N.M."  It  is  probably 
from  the  Gatun  formation.  A  portion  of  the  left  side  of  the  cara- 
pace is  preserved,  showing  the  base  of  the  3  posterior  of  the  antero- 
lateral  teeth ;  on  the  under  side  is  shown  the  margin  of  the  buccal 
cavity,  fragments  of  a  maxilliped  and  the  base  of  the  cheliped.  A 
separate  specimen  (paratype  c),  from  the  same  locality,  is  the  left 
manus,  somewhat  crushed,  proximally  incomplete  and  lacking  the 
propodal  finger,  but  with  the  base  of  the  dactylus  attached,  including 
the  first  or  large,  rounded  tooth. 

A  fragment  of  a  finger  bearing  3  teeth  (paratype  d)  is  referred 
here;  the  smooth  outer  layer  is  almost  gone  except  a  few  bits  near 
the  teeth;  it  was  taken  from  the  85-foot  cut  on  north  side  of  big 
swamp  on  relocated  line  of  the  Panama  Railroad,  1£  to  2  miles  be- 
yond Camp  Cotton  toward  Monte  Lirio ;  Gatun  formation ;  Miocene 
series:  D.  F.  MacDonald  and  T.  W.  Vaughan,  collectors,  1911; 
Station  6030;  Cat.  No.  324242,  U.S.N.M. 

I  refer  here  with  doubt  a  curved  fragment  of  a  thick-shelled  species, 
which  has  a  large  tooth  occupying  half  its  surface.  It  may  belong 
near  one  of  the  articulations.  It  was  taken  at  Station  60336,  in  the 
upper  part  of  the  lowest  bed,  Gatun  section;  Gatun  formation; 
Miocene  series;  MacDonald  and  Vaughan;  1911;  Cat.  No.  324286, 
U.S.N.M. 


GEOLOGY  AND  PALEONTOLOGY  OF  THE  CANAL  ZONE.     171 

The  larger  claw  of  this  species  is  strikingly  like  that  described  by 
A.  Milne  Edwards1  under  the  name  Scylla  michelini  from  Sceaux, 
near  Doue,  France,  in  the  Miocene  shell  deposits  of  the  shell-marl 
of  Anjou.  M.  Milne  Edwards  founded  the  species  on  the  claw  alone. 
It  is  very  likely  congeneric  if  not  conspecific  with  the  form  here 
described. 

Family  XANTHIDAE. 

CARPILIUS,  species. 

Plate  58,  fig.  22. 

Locality. — Panama  Canal  Zone.  Foraminiferal  marl  and  coarse 
sandstone  about  200  yards  south  of  southern  end  of  switch  at  Bohio 
Ridge  station,  relocated  line  Panama  Railroad.  Upper  part  of 
Culebra  formation.  Oligocene  series.  D.  F.  MacDonald  and  T.  W. 
Vaughan,  collectors.  1911.  Station  6025.  Cat.  No.  324243,  U.S.N.M. 

Material. — Piece  of  propodal  segment  of  ambulatory  leg  on  left 
side  of  crab.  Length  17  mm.,  greatest  width  7.2  mm.,  least  width 
5.7  mm.,  proximal  thickness  4.5  mm.,  distal  thickness  3.7  mm.  Viewed 
dorsally,  the  anterior  margin  is  slightly  convex,  the  posterior  faintly 
concave.  Viewed  edgeways,  the  upper  surface  is  longitudinally  con- 
vex, and  the  lower  surface  concave.  Cross  section  oval.  Surface, 
except  for  accidental  breaks,  smoothly  rounded,  without  ridges, 
furrows,  or  tubercles. 

In  its  smoothness  and  general  form,  resembles  the  propodus  of  the 
first  ambulatory  leg  of  Garpilius  corallinus  (Herbst2),  for  which 
reason  I  venture  to  attach  the  name  CarpUius  to  this  fragment. 

HETEBACTAEA  LUNATA  (Milne  Edwards  and  Lacas). 
Plate  63,  figs.  7-9. 

Pilumnus  lunatus  MILNE  EDWARDS  and  LUCAS,  d'Orbigny's  Voy.  Am6r.  M6r., 
vol.  6,  1843,  p.  20 ;  vol.  9,  atlas,  1847,  pi.  9,  fig.  2. 

Locality. — Costa  Rica :  City  of  Port  Limon.  Port  Limon  forma- 
tion. Pliocene  series.  Dr.  L.  A.  Wailes,  collector.  Station  4269. 
Cat.  No.  324265,  U.S.N.M. 

Distribution. — Recent,  San  Diego,  California,  to  Chile. 

Material. — One  specimen  showing  distal  portion  of  outer  surface 
of  larger  palm,  with  proximal  half  of  dactylus  (showing  all  sur- 
faces) attached.  This  must  have  belonged  to  a  small  individual 
with  carapace  about  15  mm.  wide.  The  fossil  is  crushed  and  the 
tips  of  the  tubercles  are  lacking.  The  shape  of  the  two  segments  so 

1  Hlstolre  des  CrustacSs  podophthalmalres  fossiles,  Paris,  1861,  p.  136,  pi.  3,  flgs.  3,  SA. 
*  Naturg.  d.  Krabben  u.  Krebse,  vol.  1,  1783,  p.  133,  pi.  5,  flg.  40. 
8370°— 18— Bull.  103 12 


172  BULLETIN  103,  UNITED  STATES  NATIONAL  MUSEUM. 

far  as  it  is  preserved  accords  with  that  of  recent  specimens;  the 
dactylus  is  more  deflexed  than  it  could  be  if  the  immovable  finger 
were  preserved  in  situ.  The  tubercles  of  the  palm  are  arranged 
in  general  as  in  recent  individuals,  and  slight  divergences  are  attribu- 
table to  individual  variation.  The  dactylus  has  6  punctated  grooves, 
and  the  prehensile  tooth  situated  at  a  little  distance  from  the  base  is 
present;  the  three  uppermost  ridges  bear  some  tubercles,  the  outer 
ridge  two  tubercles,  the  upper  one  three  tubercles,  and  the  inner  ridge 
one  tubercle  followed  by  several  crenulations. 

PANOPEUS  ANTEPURPUREUS,  new  species. 

Plate  58,  figs.  8-11. 

Type-locality. — Panama  Canal  Zone.  From  near  Mount  Hope  in 
ditch  through  swampy  ground.  About  one-fourth  mile  from  present 
sea  beach,  6  to  8  feet  above  high  tide.  Pleistocene  series.  D.  F. 
MacDonald,  collector.  April,  1911.  Station  5850. 

Types.— Cat.  No.  324245,  U.S.N.M. 

Material. — 18  dactyli  of  stronger  chela  from  right  side;  9  dactyli 
of  stronger  chela  from  left  side ;  4  dactyli  of  weaker  chela  from  left 
side ;  one  propodal  finger  of  weaker  chela  from  right  side. 

With  one  exception  these  digits  belonged  to  small  individuals ;  the 
exception,  a  right  dactylus  12.8  mm.  long,  is  made  the  holotype. 

The  dactyli  are  very  much  like  the  corresponding  parts  of  P. 
pwpureus  Lockington,1  a  recent  species  ranging  from  Lower  Cali- 
fornia to  Peru.  The  only  differences  are  as  follows :  The  fingers  are 
a  little  longer,  slenderer,  and  straighter;  the  large  basal  tooth  of  the 
stronger  chela  is  closer  to  the  articulation  with  the  manus ;  there  is  no 
coarse  granulation  on  the  basal  portion  of  the  dactyli,  as  there  is  on 
the  living  form.  Most  of  the  specimens  are  purplish-blue  except  at 
the  tip. 

The  propodal  finger  also  is  slenderer  than  in  P.  purpureus;  the 
lower  groove  of  the  outer  surface  is  nearer  the  lower  margin.  As  this 
finger  was  not  attached  to  a  dactylus,  one  cannot  be  positive  that  it 
belongs  to  the  same  species  as  the  dactyli. 

PANOPEUS  TRIDENTATUS,  new  species. 

Plate  58,  figs.  12-15. 

Type-locality. — Panama  Canal  Zone.  From  near  Mount  Hope  in 
ditch  through  swampy  ground.  About  one-quarter  mile  from  present 
sea  beach,  6  to  8  feet  above  high  tide.  Pleistocene  series.  D.  F. 
MacDonald,  collector.  April,  1911.  Station  5850. 

Types.— Cut.  No.  324244,  U.S.N.M. 

1  Proc.  California  Acad.  Sci.,  vol.  7,  1876  (1877),  p.  101. 


GEOLOGY   AND  PALEONTOLOGY   OF   THE   CANAL   ZONE. 

Material. — Eleven  dactyls  and  three  propodal  digits  of  the  right 
chela,  all  detached.  One  of  the  dactyls  is  made  a  holotype. 

Measurements. — Length  of  longest  dactyl  9.2  mm.,  height  3  mm. ; 
length  of  holotype  6.1  mm.,  height  2.3  mm. 

Holotype. — I  have  chosen  a  small  specimen  for  holotype  because 
it  is  the  best  preserved.  The  dactyl  is  rather  slender  for  the  major 
chela  of  a  Panopeid,  but  it  has  the  general  character  of  Panopeus 
and  its  allies.  The  prehensile  edge  has  3  enlarged  teeth,  placed  as 
follows,  beginning  at  the  proximal  end :  1 1.,  2  s.,  1 1.,  3  s.,  1 1.,  7  s.,  tip. 
The  proximal  tooth  is  of  the  customary  backward-pointing  type^ 
and  is  of  moderate  size  compared  to  the  basal  tooth  of  living  Pan- 
opeids.  The  second  of  the  large  teeth  is  of  nearly  the  same  size,. 
more  pointed,  and  directed  downward ;  the  third  large  tooth  is  defin- 
itely smaller  than  the  others.  The  small  teeth  are  unequal  and  shaF- 
low.  The  longitudinal  depression  either  side  of  the  teeth  is  punc- 
tate; there  are  3  other  punctate  furrows,  one  external,  one  internal 
and  the  other  dorsal  but  nearer  the  outer  side ;  just  within  the  proxi- 
mal half  of  the  dorsal  furrow  there  is  a  marginal  line  of  granules. 

Paratypes. — The  number  of  small  teeth  intervening  between  the 
larger  teeth  of  the  prehensile  edge  vary  as  follows,  beginning  at  the- 
proximal  end :  1-3,  4-6,  6-8. 

One  can  not  be  sure  that  the  propodal  digits  referred  here  belong* 
to  the  same  species  as  the  dactyli.  They  too  have  3  large  teeth,  which 
are  subequal  and  are  separated  by  small  teeth  as  follows,  beginning 
with  the  proximal  large  tooth:  2,  4-5,  4-6.  Proximal  end  broken 
off  in  each  case,  but  in  one  instance  a  small  tooth  is  visible  proximal 
to  the  first  large  tooth.  When  an  immovable  finger  is  applied  against 
a  movable  finger  of  complementary  size,  the  large  teeth  of  the  former 
shut  into  the  sinuses  distal  to  the  corresponding  large  teeth  of  the' 
latter.  There  are  6  longitudinal  punctate  depressions  on  each  pro- 
podus,  one  adjacent  to  the  teeth  on  either  side,  one  external,  one  in- 
ternal, and  two  inferior. 

PANOPEUS,  species. 

Plate  66,  figs.  8  and  9. 

Locality. — From  the  four  feet  of  dark,  stratified  tuff  and  clay 
immediately  overlying  the  lower  limestone  bed.  Las  Cascadas  sec- 
tion. Upper  part  of  Culebra  formation.  Oligocene  series.  D.  F. 
MacDonald  and  T.  W.  Vaughan,  collectors.  1911.  Station  6019&. 
Cat.  No.  324254,  U.S.N.M. 

Material. — One  dactylus  of  right  cheliped,  with  proximal  end  in- 
complete. Dactylus  very  broad  at  base  in  proportion  to  its  length, 
also  unusually  thick.  Length,  9.2  mm.;  width,  4.7  mm.;  thickness, 
3  mm.  In  outer  view  the  upper  margin  is  much  curved,  the  surface 


174  BULLETIN  103,   UNITED  STATES   NATIONAL   MUSEUM. 

is  much  worn,  but  there  is  a  line  of  punctae  visible  through  the  mid- 
dle; there  is  a  large  subbasal  tooth  directed  obliquely  backward,  and 
bounded  posteriorly  by  a  deep,  wide  groove ;  the  tooth  does  not  pro- 
ject beyond  the  general  lower  margin,  but  it  may  have  done  so  when 
entire.  On  the  distal  portion  of  the  outer  edge  of  the  prehensile  sur- 
face there  are  a  few  shallow  crenulations. 

This  specimen  comes  nearer  to  Panopeus  than  to  any  other  known 
genus;  from  P.  cMe-nsis  Milne  Edwards  and  Lucas1  it  differs  in 
its  greater  width,  in  the  large  tooth  originating  higher  up  on  the 
outer  surface  and  in  the  groove  behind  it  being  deeper  and  more 
extensive. 

EURYTIUM  CRENULATUM,  new  species. 

Plate  64,  figs.  8  and  9. 

Type-locality. — Panama  Canal  Zone.  From  near  Mount  Hope  in 
ditch  through  swampy  ground.  About  one-quarter  mile  from  pres- 
ent sea  beach,  6  to  8  feet  above  high  tide.  Pleistocene  series.  D.  F. 
MacDonald,  collector.  April,  1911.  Station  5850. 

Holotype.—Cat.  No.  324253,  U.S.N.M.  Dactylus  of  right  chela,  7.6 
mm.  long.  This  has  the  general  shape  of  a  Eurythim  finger,  but  the 
large  basal  tooth  of  the  prehensile  edge  is  inserted  higher  up,  its 
oblique  base  running  posteriorly  well  up  on  the  outer  surface;  the 
tooth  is  directed  strongly  backward  and  is  broadly  rounded  at  the 
extremity.  It  is  followed  by  about  ten  low  teeth,  the  first  and  third 
of  which  are  the  larger.  Somewhat  above  the  middle  of  the  inner 
.and  of  the  outer  surface  there  is  a  longitudinal  depression  containing 
a  row  of  a  few  punctae.  There  is  a  deep  groove  on  the  upper  sur- 
face and  just  within  it  but  higher  up  there  is  a  row  of  separated 
granules  or  crenulations;  they  point  outward,  that  is,  a  side  view  of 
them  may  be  obtained  by  looking  down  on  the  top  of  the  finger. 
The  ridge  just  outside  the  dorsal  groove  is  proximally  microscopically 
granulate. 

This  finger  can  not  be  referred  to  E.  affine 2  or  E.  tristani 3  of  the 
Panamian  fauna  on  account  of  the  elevation  and  direction  of  the 
basal  tooth,  and  the  row  of  granules  on  the  upper  edge. 

Family  GONEPLACIDAE. 

Subfamily  PRIONOPLACINAE. 

EURYPLAX  CULEBRENSIS,  new   species. 

Plate  66,  figs.  13  and  14. 

Type-locality. — Panama  Canal  Zone.  Top  part  of  limy  sandstone 
below  upper  conglomerate,  near  foot  of  stairs,  Gaillard  Cut.  Upper 

1  D'Orbigny's  Voy.  Am6r.  M6r.,  vol.  6,  pt.  1. 1843,  p.  16 ;  vol.  9,  atlas,  1847,  pi.  8,  fig.  2. 
a  Panopeus  affinis  Streets  and  Kingsley,  Bull.  Essex  Inst,  vol.  9,  1877,  p.  106. 
•Rathbun,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Washington,  vol.  19,  1906,  p.  100. 


GEOLOGY  AND  PALEONTOLOGY  OF  THE  CANAL  ZONE.     175 

part  of  Culebra  formation.  Oligocene  series.  D.  F.  MacDonald 
and  T.  W.  Vaughan,  collectors.  1911.  Station  6012<?. 

Holotype.—C&t.  No.  324226,  TJ.S.N.M.  Propodus  of  right  and 
major  cheliped  with  only  the  base  of  the  immovable  finger  remaining. 
Palm  swollen.  In  side  view  the  upper  and  lower  margins  are  arcu- 
ate, the  palm  narrowing  considerably  toward  the  wrist.  Surface 
smooth.  At  the  distal  end  above  the  lower  margin  there  is  a  deep 
groove  which  is  prolonged  on  the  finger.  The  palmar  tooth  which 
overlaps  the  dactylus  is  present  ;  also  4  prehensile  teeth  of  the  fixed 
finger,  arranged  in  2  transverse  rows  on  the  upper  surface,  the  outer 
tooth  of  the  distal  pair  being  much  the  largest. 

Measurements.  —  Length  of  palm,  to  sinus,  6.5  mm.;  height,  4.3 
mm.  ;  thickness,  2.7  mm. 

This  specimen  has  the  general  form  of  E.  nitida  Stimpson,1  a  Re- 
cent species  occurring  on  the  coast  of  the  Gulf  of  Mexico  and  the 
West  Indies.  I  have  no  example  of  the  Panamian  species,  E.  polita 
Smith  2  for  comparison.  E.  nitida  is  considerably  larger  than  the 
fossil  form,  the  fixed  finger  is  somewhat  wider  at  the  base  but  it  has 
the  4  basal  teeth  similarly  disposed  ;  the  proximal  end  of  the  upper 
margin  is  thinner  and  more  acute  than  in  E.  culebrensis. 

Subfamily  HEXAPODESFAE. 

Living  representatives  of  this  subfamily  are  restricted  to  the  Indo- 
Pacific  region. 

Genus  THAUMASTOPLAX  Miers. 

Tliaumastoplax  MIERS,  Ann.  Mag.  Nat  Hist,  ser.  o.  vol.  8,  1881,  p.  261. 
The  generic  position  of  the  species  placed  here  has  to  be  deter- 
mined by  the  characters  discernible  in  a  dorsal  view.  As  in  Thau- 
mastoplax,  the  shape  of  the  carapace  is  subrectangular  with  the 
antero-lateral  corners  rounded  off;  the  second  ambulatory  leg  is 
stronger  than  the  first  and  third.  Of  the  other  Hexapodinae,  or 
Goneplacids  with  only  3  pairs  of  walking  legs,  Hexapus  de  Haan* 
is  more  subcylindrical  and  has  the  three  legs  of  subequal  size  ;  Lamb- 
(lophaTlw  Alcock4  has  smaller  orbits;  Hexaplax  Doflein5  has  very 
oblique  orbits  seen  from  above,  while  Paeduma  Eathbun6  (—Amor- 
Bell  7)  is  said  to  be  almost  cylindrical. 


1  Ann.  Lye.  Nat.  Hist.  New  York,  vol.  7,  1859,  p.  60. 

-  Trans.  Connecticut  Acad.  Sci.,  vol.  2,  1870,  p.  163. 
s  Fauna  Japon.,  1833.  p.  5  ;  1835,  p.  35. 
*Journ.  Asiat.  Soc.  Bengal,  TO!.  69,  1900,  p.  329. 

*  Wiss.  Ergeb.  deutschen  Tiefsee-Exped.  Valdivia,  1898-99,  vol.  6,  1904,  p.  122. 
•Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Washington,  vol.  11,  1897,  p.  163. 

7Jonr.  Linn.  Soc.  London,  ZooL,  vol.  3.  1858,  p.  27. 


176  BULLETIN   103,  UNITED  STATES   NATIONAL  MUSEUM. 

THAUMASTOPLAX  PKIMA,  new   species. 

Plate  66,  figs.  15-18. 

Type-locality. — Panama  Canal  Zone.  Las  Cascadas  section,  Gail- 
lard  Cut.  From  lowest  fossiliferous  bed;  third  bed  below  lowest 
limestone  beds  separated  by  rows  of  nodules.  Lower  part  of  upper 
half  of  Culebra  formation.  Oligocene  series.  D.  F.  MacDonald 
and  T.  W.  Vaughan,  collectors.  1911.  Station  60200. 

Measurements.— Length  of  carapace,  paratype,  12.2  mm.  (ap- 
prox.) ;  width,  18  mm.  (approx.)  The  holotype  is  a  little  wider, 
about  19.6  mm.,  but  the  length  can  not  be  measured  as  the  front  part 
of  the  carapace  is  not  visible. 

Holotype  and  paratype. — Carapace  about  1£  times  as  broad  as  long, 
longitudinally  very  convex,  from  side  to  side  nearly  horizontal.  Up- 
per surface  not  bordered  by  a  definite  line;  H-shaped  depression  in 
the  center  of  the  carapace  deep;  surface  deeply  punctate,  punctae 
crowded  near  the  margins,  sparse  near  the  middle.  Fronto-orbital 
distance  about  two-fifths  as  great  as  the  extreme  width  of  the  cara- 
pace. Antero-lateral  margins  long,  arcuate ;  postero-lateral  margins 
subparallel;  posterior  margin  slightly  convex.  Front  deflexed  and 
widening  a  little  from  the  base  of  the  eyestalks  downward.  The 
orbit  is  about  as  wide  as  the  narrowest  part  of  the  front  and  is  filled 
by  the  eyestalk ;  its  upper  margin  is  transverse. 

Chelipeds  short,  when  flexed  scarcely  reaching  beyond  the  outer 
end  of  the  orbit;  carpus  very  large,  convex,  smooth,  and  punctate: 
chela  small,  not  much  longer  than  carpus  and  considerably  nar- 
rower; finger  shorter  than  palm;  the  end  of  the  finger  is,  however, 
not  visible.  The  merus  of  the  first  leg  reaches  quite  to  the  end  of 
the  carpus  of  the  cheliped,  its  upper  margin  has  a  row  of  small 
conical  tubercles  or  granules,  and  there  is  a  cluster  of  granules  near 
the  articulation  with  the  carpus.  The  merus  of  the  second  leg 
reaches  a  little  beyond  that  of  the  first,  and  is  very  much  stronger; 
it  also  has  a  superior  row  of  granules  and  a  few  granules  on  the 
outer  surface;  carpus  elongate,  about  half  as  long  as  merus;  pro- 
podus  as  wide  as  the  greatest  width  of  the  carpus;  only  a  portion 
of  it  is  visible.  Third  leg  very  much  shorter  and  slenderer,  its 
carpus  reaching  little  beyond  the  merus  of  the  second  pair ;  its  merus. 
as  well  as  that  of  the  second  pair,  is  longitudinally  grooved. 

The  above  description  is  made  from  two  specimens  from  the  same 
place.  Each  specimen  was  enclosed  in  a  nodule  which  is  broken  in 
two.  The  holotype  shows  the  upper  surface  of  the  carapace  (ex- 
cept the  front  part) ,  portions  of  the  left  cheliped,  and  of  the  3  legs 
of  both  sides.  The  nodule  is  not  large  enough  to  have  included  the 
whole  of  the  legs  in  their  extended  position.  Cat.  No.  324227, 
U.S.N.M.  The  paratype  shows  the  carapace  only;  there  is  no  trace 


GEOLOGY  AND  PALEONTOLOGY  OF  THE  CANAL  ZONE.     177 

of  chelipeds  or  legs ;  the  nodule  is  very  little  wider  than  the  carapace. 
Cat.  No.  324228,  U.S.N.M. 

Family  GECARCINIDAE. 

CARDISOMA  GUANHUMI  Latreille. 

Plate  64,  figs.  2-4. 

Cardisoma  guanhumi  LATREILLE,  Encyc.  Meth.,  Hist.  Nat.,  Insectes,  vol.  10, 
1825,  p.  685. 

Locality. — Costa  Eica :  City  of  Port  Limon.  Port  Limon  forma- 
tion. Pliocene  series.  Dr.  L.  A.  Wailes,  collector.  Station  4269. 
Cat.  No.  324263,  U.S.N.M. 

Material. — Left  propodal  finger  of  cheliped,  with  extremities  lack- 
ing; length  18.5  mm.  Pieces  of  the  outer  crust  remain  along  the  pre- 
hensile teeth,  around  the  distal  end,  and  on  the  lower  part  of  the 
proximal  end,  where  it  shows  the  characteristic  scaly  granulation  of 
the  species. 

Distribution  of  Recent  Material. — From  Bahamas  and  Florida 
Keys  to  Brazil ;  Bermudas. 

Family  OCYPODIDAE. 

UCA  MACRODACTYLUS  (Milne  Edwards  and  Lucas). 

Plate  64,  fig.  7. 

Gelasimus  macrodactylus  MILNE  EDWABDS  and  LUCAS,  d'Orbigny's  Voy. 
Amer.  Mer.,  vol.  6,  1843,  p.  27 ;  vol.  9,  atlas,  1847,  pi.  11,  fig.  3. 

Locality. — Panama  Canal  Zone.  From  near  Mount  Hope  in  ditch 
through  swampy  ground.  About  one-quarter  mile  from  present  sea 
beach,  6  to  8  feet  above  high  tide.  Pleistocene  series.  D.  F.  Mac- 
Donald,  collector.  April,  1911.  Station  5850.  Cat.  No.  324251, 
U.S.N.M. 

Material. — A  single  dactylus,  6.7  mm.  long,  of  an  ambulatory  leg 
corresponds  with  that  of  a  recent  specimen  from  Costa  Eica.  The 
dactylus  is  rather  slender,  regularly  tapering  and  strongly  curved 
on  its  concave  as  well  as  on  its  convex  margin,  it  has  6  longitudinal 
grooves  separated  by  as  many  smooth  rounded  ridges;  toward  the 
horny  tip  these  ridges  are  themselves  guttered  by  a  narrow  groove. 

Distribution  of  Recent  Material. — From  Guaymas,  Mexico,  to  Val- 
paraiso, Chile. 

BRACHYRHYNCHA,  family,  genus,  and  species  indeterminable. 

Plate  64,  fig.  6. 

Locality. — Panama  Canal  Zone.  Las  Cascadas  section,  Gaillard 
Cut.  From  lowest  fossiliferous  bed.  Third  bed  below  lowest  lime- 


178  BULLETIN   103,  UNITED  STATES   NATIONAL  MUSEUM. 

stone  beds  separated  by  rows  of  nodules.  Lower  part  of  upper  half 
of  Culebra  formation.  Oligocene  series.  D.  F.  MacDonald  and 
T.  W.  Vaughan,  collectors.  1911.  Station  6020a.  Cat.  No.  324294, 
U.S.N.M. 

Material. — A  specimen  9.3  mm.  long  and  7.7  mm.  wide,  which  re- 
sembles the  proximal  part  of  the  right  manus  of  a  crab.  The  outer  and 
lower  surfaces  are  exposed,  but  the  outer  layer  of  shell  has  almost  dis- 
appeared. The  surface  gradually  ascends  to  a  line  a  little  below  the 
middle  where  a  blunt  longitudinal  ridge  is  formed.  Just  below  the 
upper  margin,  and  also  just  within  the  lower  margin  on  the  inner 
side,  there  is  a  narrow  furrow. 

The  blunt  crest  is  suggestive  of  the  Portunidae. 

BRACHYRHYNCHA,  family,  genus,  and  species  indeterminable. 
Plate  64,  fig.  5. 

Locality. — Panama  Canal  Zone.  Las  Cascadas  section,  Gaillarcl 
Cut.  From  lowest  fossiliferous  bed.  Third  bed  below  lowest  lime- 
stone beds  separated  by  rows  of  nodules.  Lower  part  of  upper  half 
of  Culebra  formation.  Oligocene  series.  D.  F.  MacDonald  and 
T.  W.  Vaughan,  collectors.  1911.  Station  6020a.  Cat.  No.  324258. 
U.S.N.M. 

Material. — Two  specimens,  each  embedded  in  a  nodule,  of  a  frag- 
ment which  appears  to  be  the  merus  segment  of  an  ambulatory  leg 
of  a  crab.  The  surface  is  flat,  the  lateral  margins  are  arcuate  and 
there  is  a  shallow  longitudinal  depression  near  one  edge.  The  shape 
is  very  suggestive  of  the  Portunidae  and  yet  they  do  not  closely 
resemble  any  known  species. 

Superfamily  OXYRHYNCHA. 
Family  PARTHENOPIDAE. 

PARTHENOPE  PANAMENSIS,  new  species. 

Plate  66,  figs.  10  and  11. 

Type-locality. — Panama  Canal  Zone.  Las  Cascadas  section. 
From  fifth  or  topmost  limestone.  Emperador  limestone.  Oligocene 
series.  D.  F.  MacDonald  and  T.  W.  Vaughan,  collectors.  1911. 
Station  6019^.  Cat.  No.  324257,  U.S.N.M. 

Measurements. — Length  of  arm  measured  along  lower  margin  (in- 
complete), 24.6  mm.;  distal  width,  measured  on  inner,  lower  surface. 
6.6  mm. ;  minimum  width,  on  the  same  surface,  4.7  mm. 

Holotype. — One  specimen  represented  by  only  the  merus  joint  of 
the  left  cheliped.  This  segment  is  thick;  a  cross  section  is  quadri- 


GEOLOGY  AND  PALEONTOLOGY  OF  THE  CANAL  ZONE.     179 

lateral  and  nearly  as  broad  as  long;  the.  proximal  end  is  broken  off. 
the  distal  end  is  embedded  in  a  hard  matrix.  The  two  upper  sur- 
faces are  each  not  much  more  than  half  as  wide  as  either  of  the  two 
lower  surfaces.  The  upper,  inner  and  outer  margins  are  armed  with 
irregular  spines  and  tubercles,  the  lower  margin  with  tubercles  only, 
which  are  not  kl  a  single  row ;  the  surfaces  also  have  a  few  scattered 
spines  and  tubercles.  The  tips  of  most  of  the  spines  are  broken  off; 
the  largest  spines  are  one  on  the  upper  margin  near  the  proximal  end 
(of  the  specimen),  and  one  just  above  the  outer  margin  in  the  middle 
third.  The  distal  extremity  of  the  segment  widens  in  a  manner  sug- 
gestive of  the  propodus  of  a  Parthenopid,  but  it  is  not  triangular- 
prismatic  as  customary  in  the  propodal  segments. 

PARTHENOPE  PLEISTOCENICA,  new  species. 

Plate  61,  figs.  10  and  11. 

Type-locality. — Panama  Canal  Zone.  From  near  Mount  Hope  in 
ditch  through  swampy  ground.  About  one-quarter  mile  from  pres- 
ent sea  beach,  6  to  8  feet  above  high  tide.  Pleistocene  series.  D.  F. 
MacDonald,  collector.  April,  1911.  Station  5850.  Cat.  No.  324247, 
U.S.N.M. 

Holotype. — Propodal  finger  of  right  and  major  chela ;  lower  proxi- 
mal portion  missing.  Lower  margin,  so  far  as  it  remains,  nearly 
straight,  tip  upturned;  upper  margin  broad  at  the  proximal  end 
and  armed  with  5  unequal  blunt  teeth ;  the  first  or  that  nearest  the 
palm  is  broadly  united  with  the  second  which  is  much  larger;  third 
of  similar  size  and  shape  to  the  second  and  well  separated  from  it; 
fourth  much  smaller  and  fifth  minute.  Four  lateral  rows  of  punctae, 
one  either  side  of  the  prehensile  teeth,  and  one  through  the  middle 
of  the  inner  and  of  the  outer  surface.  The  posterior  half  of  both 
surfaces  is  sparsely  covered  with  prominent  and  very  unequal 
granules. 

Parthenope  excavata  (Stimpson)1  of  which  there  is  an  example 
from  Panama  in  the  United  States  National  Museum  collection  has 
a  similar  prehensile  surface,  but  the  lateral  face  is  shorter  and  higher 
and  is  granulate  all  over  outside. 

EXPLANATION   OF   PLATES. 

PLATE  54. 
Gatunia  proa  vita  Rathbun,  holotype,  dorsal  view,  X  §. 

PT.ATE  55. 
Gatunia  proarita,  holotype,  ventral  view,  X  £. 


1Lo»JbrM«  excavatus  Stimpson,  Ann.  Lye.  Nat.  Hist.  New  York,  vol.  10,  1871,  p.  98. 


180  BULLETIN    103,   UNITED  STATES   NATIONAL  MUSEUM. 

PLATE  56. 
Gatunia  proavita,  holotype. 

"Fio.  1.  Anterior  view,  X  §. 
2.  Posterior  view,  X  §. 

x 
PLATE  57. 

Fin.  1.  Natantiu,  indeterminable,  lateral  view  of  pleou.     X  2. 

2.  Axius  reUculatus  Rathbun,   holotype,   outer   view  of  propodus   of   left 

cheliped,  X  3. 

3.  Impression  of  same. 

4.  Macrobrachiwn,  species,  Cat.  No.  324256,  outer  view  of  propodus  of  left 

cheliped,  X  3. 

5.  Upper  view  of  same. 

€.  Leucosilia  bantmcnsis  Rathbun,  paratype  «,  arm  joint,  X  3. 

7.  Leucosilia  banancnsis,  paratype  b,  arm  joint,  X  3. 

8.  Leucosilia  banancnsis,  holotype,  arm  joint,  X  3. 

•9.  Macrobrachium-?,   species,   Cat.   No.   324248,   segment  of  large   cheliped, 

X  33. 

10.  Axiitst,  species,  Cat.  No.  324250,  scaphocerite,  X  3J. 
.11.  Goniochcle"!  armata  Rathbun,  holotype,  outer  view  of  dactylus  of  left 
cheliped,   X  2. 

12.  Lower  view  of  same,  X  2. 

13.  Nephrops  costatus  Rathbun,  holotype,  dactylus  of  left  cheliped,   inner 

view,  X  3*. 

14.  Dorsal  view  of  same,  X  3£. 

15.  Nephrops  costatus,  paratype  a,  dactylus  of  left  cheliped,  dorsal  view, 

X  34. 

16.  Nephrops  costatus,  paratype  c,  propodal  finger  of  left  cheUped,  dorsal 

view,  X  3i. 

17.  Nephrops  costatus,  paratype  6,  dactylus  of  left  cheliped,  dorsal  view, 

X  3$. 

18.  Petrolisthcs  avitus  Rathbun,  holotype,  palm  of  left  cheliped,  dorsal  view, 

X  3i. 

19.  Inner  view  of  same,  X  3J. 

20.  Ventral  view  of  same,  X  3i 

21.  PacliycUelcs  latus  Rathbun,  holotype.  propodus  of  left  cheliped,  ventral 

view,  X  34. 
"22.  Dorsal  view  of  same. 

23.  Pachycheles  latus,  paratype,  left  chela,  dorsal  view,  X  3i. 

24.  Calappa   costaricana   Rathbun,   holotype,   portion   of   propodus   of   left 

chela,  outer  view,  X  3. 

25.  Nephrops,  species,  Cat.  No.  324249,  dactylus  of  right  cheliped,  prehensile 

edge,  X  3}. 

26.  Dorsal  view  of  same,  X  3i. 

27.  Mursilia  ecristata  Rathbun,  holotype,  right  cheliped,  outer  view,  X  3. 

PLATE  58. 

FIG.  1.  Calappella  quadrispina  Rathbun,  holotype,  impression  of  carapace,  X  3. 

2.  Carapace  of  figure  1,  X  3. 

3.  Panopeus  antepurpureus,  Rathbun,  holotype,  dactylus  of  right  cheliped, 

X  3i. 


GEOLOGY  AND  PALEONTOLOGY   OF    THE   CANAL  ZONE.  181 

FIG.  4,  5.  Panopeus  antepurpureus,  paratypes,  dactyli  of  right  chelipeds,  X  3J. 
6.  Panopeus  antepurpureus,  paratype,  immovable  finger  of  right  cheliped, 

X  3J. 
7-11.  Panopeus  antepurpureus,  paratypes,  dactyli  of  left  chelipeds,  X  3A. 

12.  Panopeus  tridentatus  Rathbun,  paratype,  dactylus  of  right  cheliped,  X  3i. 

13.  Panopeus  tridentatus,  paratype,  propodal  finger  of  right  cheliped,  X  3§. 

14.  Panopeus  tridentatus,  holotype,  dactylus  of  right  cheliped,  outer  view, 

X  3i. 

15.  Upper  edge  of  same,  X  8£. 

16.  Fragment  of  Gatunla  proavita  ff,  Cat.  No.  324286,  showing  lobe  in  profile, 

X  2. 

17.  Flat  surface  of  same,  X  2. 

18.  Callianassa  hilli  Rathbun.  paratype  b,  sixth  segment  of  pleon,  X  2. 

19.  Callianassa  hilli,  holotype,  merus  and  carpus  of  right  cheliped,  X  2. 

20.  Callianassa  hilli,  paratype  a,  right  cheliped,  X  2. 

21.  Mursia  macdonaldi  Rathbun,  holotype,  left  palm,  X  2. 

22.  Carpilins,  species,  Cat.  No.  324243,  piece  of  propodus  of  a  left  ambulatory 

leg,  X  2. 

PLATE  59. 

FIG.  1.  Callianassa  ovalis  Rathbun,  holotype,  left  cheliped,  X  2. 

2.  Callianassa  ovalis,  paratype  a,  propodus  of  left  cheliped,  X  2. 

3.  Impression  of  figure  1,  X  2. 

4.  Callianassa  ovalis,  paratype  b,  carpus  of  left  cheliped,  X  2. 

5.  Callianassa,  species,  Cat.  No.  324277,  manus  of  left  cheliped,  X  3i. 

6.  Callianassa  lacunosa  Rathbun,  holotype,  left  manus.  distal  view,  X  3. 

7.  Outer  view  of  same,  X  3. 

8.  Inner  view  of  same,  X  3. 

9.  Callianassa  lacunosa,  paratype,  left  manus,  inner  view,  X  3. 

10.  Outer  view  of  same,  X  3. 

11.  Distal  view  of  same,  X  3. 

PLATE  60. 

FIG.  1.  Callianassa  moinensis  Rathbun,   holotype,   propodus  of  right  cheliped, 
lower  view.  X  3. 

2.  Upper  view  of  same,  X  3. 

3.  Outer  view  of  same,  X  3. 

4.  Callianassa  elongata  Rathbun,  holotype,  propodus  of  left  cheliped,  upper 

view,  X  2. 

5.  Outer  view  of  same,   X  2. 

6.  Lower  view  of  same,  X  2. 

7.  Leucosiidae?.  indeterminable,  Cat.  No.  324136,  dactylus  of  left  chela, 

outer  view,  X  3$. 

8.  Upper  view  of  same,  X  3*. 

9.  Callianassa,  scotti  Brown  and  Pilsbry,  holotype,  left  manus,  lower  view, 

X  1*. 

10.  Callianassa  scotti,  paratype,  Cat.  No.  2259,  left  propodus,  upper  view, 

X  1}. 

11.  Outer  view  of  same,  X  1$. 

12.  Callianassa  scotti,  Cat.  No.  324279,  left  rnanus,  distal  view,  X  1$. 

13.  Callianassa  tenuis  Rathbun,  holotype,  left  manus,  inner  view,  X  3. 

14.  Outer  view  of  same,  X  3. 


182  BULLETIN   103,   UNITED   STATES   NATIONAL  MUSEUM. 

PLATE  61. 

FIG.    1.  Callianassa  crafmtt  Rathbun,  holotype,  dactylus  of  left  cheliped,  upper 
view,  X  2. 

2.  Outer  view  of  same,   X  2. 

3.  Callianassa  crassa,  paratype,  dactylus  of  'eft  cheliped,  outer  view,  X  3. 

4.  Caldppa  flammea,  dactylus  of  right  cheliped,  inner  view,   X  2. 

5.  Outer  view  of  same,  X  2. 

6.  Callianassa  spimilosa  Rathbun,  paratype  iu  Mus.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila., 

propodus  of  left  cheliped,  outer  view,  X  2. 

7.  Callianassa   spimilosa,   holotype  and   impvession,   left  propodus,  outer 

view,  X  2. 

8.  Distal  view  of  same  holotype,  X  2. 

9.  Inner  view  of  same,   X  2. 

10.  Parthenope  pleistocenica   Rathbun,  holotvpe,  propodal   finger  of  right 

chela,  upper  view,   X   3£. 

11.  Outer  view  of  same,   X  3i. 

12.  Callianassa  stridens  Rathbun,  holotype,  left  manus,  outer  view,   X   3. 

13.  Upper  view  of  same,   X  3. 

14.  Inner  view  of  same,  X  3. 

15.  Callianassa  crassimana  Rathbun,  holotype,  propodus  of  left  cheliped. 

inner  view,  X  2. 

16.  Impression  of  same,  and  piece  of  finger,  X  2. 

17.  Holotype  laid  against  impression  of  same,  outer  view,  X  2. 

18.  Hursia  obsctira  Rathbun,  holotype,  carapace,  X  3. 

PLATE  62. 

FIG.    1.  Callianassa  mag  no,  Rathbun.  holotype,  dactylus  of  right  cheliped,  inner 
view,  X  li. 

2.  Outer  view  of  same,  X  li. 

3.  Upper  view  of  same,  X  li. 

4.  Callianassa  quadrata  Rathbun?,  carpus  of  left  cheliped,  upper  view.  X  2. 

5.  Lower  view  of  same,  X  2. 

6.  Outer  view  of  same,  X  2. 

7.  Callianassa  quadrata,  holotype,  left  manus,  distal  view,  X  2. 

8.  Inner  view  of  same,  X  2. 

9.  Outer  view  of  same,  X  2. 

10.  Callianassa  quadrata,  paratype  a,  left  manus,  outer  view,  X  2. 

11.  Inner  view  of  same,  X  2. 

12.  Distal  view,  X  2. 

13.  Callianassa  quadrata,  paratype  c,  right  manus,  outer  view,  X  2. 

14.  Callianassa  quadrata,  paratype  d,  left  manus,  outer  view.  X  2. 

PT.ATE  63. 

«r 

FIG.  1.  Callianassa  abbrc-riata  Rathbun,  holotype,  right  manus,  inner  view,  X  3. 

2.  Outer  view  of  same,  X  3. 

3.  Distal  view  of  same.  X  3.  t   •• 

4.  Impression  of  same,  X  3. 

5.  Callianassa  abbreriata,  paratype  ?;,  piece  of  propodus  of  left  cheliped, 

outer  view.  X  3. 


GEOLOGY    AND  PALEONTOLOGY   OF   THE   CANAL  ZONE.  183 

FIG.  6.  Callianassa  abbreviata,  paratype  a,  left  manus,  outer  view,   X  3. 

7.  Heteractaea  lunata  (Milne  Edwards  and  Lucas),  right  chela,  Cat.  No. 

324265,  outer  view,  X  3i. 

8.  Upper  view  of  same,  X  3£. 

9.  Heteractaea  lunata,  right  chela  of  Recent  specimen,  Cat.  No.  2146,  X  3J. 

10.  Callianassa  vaughani  Rathbun,  paratype  b,  portion  of  propodus  of  left 

cheliped,  outer  view,  X  2. 

11.  Callianassa  vaughani,  paratype  a,  left  manus,  outer  view,  X  2. 

12.  Inner  view  of  same,  X  2. 

13.  Callianassa  raughani,  holotype.  right  chela,  outer  view,  X  2. 

PLATE  64. 

FIG.  1.  Aren-aevs,   species,   Cat.   No.   324252,   left   movable   finger,   outer   view, 
X  3*. 

2.  Cardisoma  guanliumi  Latreille,  propodal  finger  of  left  cheliped,   outer 

view,  X  3. 

3.  Lower  view  of  same,  X  3. 

4.  Upper  view  of  same,  X  3. 

5.  Brachyrhyncha,  indeterminable.  Cat.  No.  324258,  merus  of  ambulatory 

leg,  X  3. 

6.  Brachyrhyncha,  indeterminable,  Cat.  No.  324294,  right  manus,   X  3. 

7.  Uca  macrodactylus  (Milne  Edwards  and  Lucas),  Cat.  No.  324251,  dacty- 

lus  of  ambulatory  leg,  X  3*. 

10.  Callianassa  f,  species,    Cat.   No.   324280,   merus   of   right   cheliped    (?), 
view,  X  3i. 

9.  Upper  view  of  same,  X  3J. 

10.  CaUianassaf,   species,    Cat.    No.    324280,    merus   of   right   cheliped    (?), 

X  3i. 

11.  Euphylax  fortis  Rathbun,  holotype,  right  side,  showing  cross  sections  of 

merus  of  cheliped  and  of  two  legs,  X  1$. 

12.  Front  view  of  same,  showing  remains  of  fingers,  X  1-J. 

13.  Ventral  view  of  samp,  X  H 

PLATE  65. 

FIG.  1.  Callincctes,  species,  Cat.  No.  324255,  mamis  and  carpus  of  left  cheliped, 
outer  view,  X  ]£. 

2.  Upper  view  of  same,  X  1*. 

3.  Euphylax  callinectias  Rathbun,  holotype,  dorsal  view,  X  1£. 

4.  Posterior  view  of  same,  X  1£. 

5.  Ventral  view  of  same,  X  1J. 

6.  Anterior  view  of  same,  X  1£. 

7.  Callincctes,  species,  Cat.  No.  324268,  distal  third,  tip  missing,  of  immov- 

able finger,  X  3. 

'  PLATE  66. 

FIG.  1.  Callincctes  declivis  Rathbun,  holotype,  propodus  of  left  cheliped,  upper 
view,  X  1$. 

2.  Inner  view  of  same,  X  1J. 

3.  Outer  view  of  same,  X  1^. 

4.  Hepatns  chilicnsis  Milne  Edwards,  Cat.  No.  324235,  dactylus  of  right 

chela,  inner  view,  X  3£. 

5.  Callinectcs  rciicitlatits  Rathbun,   holotype,  propodus  of  right  cheliped, 

upper  view,  X  1J. 


184  BULLETIN   103,   UNITED  STATES   NATIONAL  MUSEUM. 

FIG.  6.  Inner  view  of  same,  X  1£. 

7.  Outer  view  of  same,  X  li. 

8.  Panopeus,  species,  Cat.  No.  324254,  dactylus  of  right  cheliped,  upper 

view,  X  3. 

9.  Outer  view  of  same,  X  3. 

10.  Parthenope  panamensis  Rathbun,  holotype,  merus  of  left  cheliped,  outer 

view,  X  IJ. 

11.  Inner  view  of  same,  X  1J. 

12.  Hepatus,  species,  Cat.  No.  324239,  dactylus  of  left  cheliped,  outer  view. 

X  2. 

13.  Euryplax   culebrensis   Rathbun,   holotype,   propodus   of   right   cheliped, 

upper  view,  X  3J. 

14.  Outer  view  of  same,  X  3$. 

15.  Thaumastoplax  prima  Rathbun,  paratype,  carapace,  X  2. 

16.  Impression  of  same,  X  2. 

17.  Thaumastoplax  prima,  holotype,  X  2. 

18.  Impression  of  same,  X  2. 


U.  S.  NATIONAL  MUSEUM 


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z     8 


3 

o   = 


*/m 


u.  S.:NATIONAL  MUSEUM 


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U.  S.  NATIONAL  MUSEUM 


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U.  S.  NATIONAL  MUSEUM 


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PANAMA  DECAPOD  CRUSTACEANS. 


U.  S.   NATIONAL  MUSEUM 


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PANAMA  DECAPOD  CRUSTACEANS. 


U.  S.  NATIONAL  MUSEUM 


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PANAMA  DECAPOD  CRUSTACEANS. 


FOB     EXPLANATION    OF    PLA1 


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PANAMA  DECAPOD  CRUSTACEANS. 


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PANAMA  DECAPOD  CRUSTACEANS. 


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PANAMA  DECAPOD  CRUSTACEANS. 

FOR  EXPLANATION  OF  PLATE  SEE  PAGE    182 


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PANAMA  DECAPOD  CRUSTACEANS. 


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PANAMA  DECAPOD  CRUSTACEANS. 
FOR  EXPLANATION  OF  PLATE  SEE  PAQE  183. 


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PANAMA  DECAPOD  CRUSTACEANS. 


U.  S.   NATIONAL  MUSEUM 


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PANAMA  DECAPOD  CRUSTACEANS. 


:  SEE  PACES   183.   184 


LIBRARY 

OF  CALIFORNIA 


SANTA   BARPAR4 


INDEX. 


Page. 

abbreviate,  Callianassa 125, 129, 

137,  147, 182,  183 
acanthurus     panamense,     Macrobra- 

chium 131 

affine,  Eurytium 174 

affinis,  Panopeus 174 

Amorphopus 175 

angulata,  Goniochele 155 

Anomura 134 

antepurpureus,  Panopeus 128,  130, 

172, 180,  181 

Arenaeus  mexicanus 165 

species 128,  130,  165,  183 

armate,  Goniochele? 125,  129, 154, 180 

Mursia 159 

Porcellana 135 

armatus,  Petrolisthes 135 

Astacura 132 

avitus,  Petrolisthes 127, 129,  134,  180 

Axiidae 135 

Axius 123,  136 

reticulatus 125, 129,135, 180 

species 128,  129,  136,  180 

bahamensis,  Cancer 153 

Petrochirus 153 

Balanus   concavus   rariseptatus 126, 129 

eburneus 127.  128, 129 

glyptopoma 127, 129 

(Hesperibalanus  ?) ,       s  p  e  - 

cics 124,125,129 

bananensis,   Leucosilia 127,  130,  161,  180 

bocourti,  Callinectes 166 

bouvieri,  Petrochirus 129, 153 

Brachygnatha 162 

Brachyrhyncha 162 

family,  genus  and 
species  indetermin- 
able  125, 130, 

177,  178,  183 

Brachyura 154 

Calappa 160 

costaricana 127,  130,  156,  180 

flammea 128,  130,  157, 182 

gallus 156 

zurcheri 124, 130,  157 

Calappella 130, 157 

quadrispina 125, 130, 157,  180 

Calappidae 155 

californiensis,  Petrochirus 153 

Callianassa 124, 136 

abbreviate 125,  129,  137,   j 

147,  182,  183    I 


Callianasaa  crassa__126,  129,  137,  152,  182 
crassimana 125,  129, 

137,  141,  182 
elongate 125,  129,  136, 

139,  146,  181 

hilli 126,  129,  137,  148,  181 

lacunosa 124,  129. 

136,  138,  181 

magna__  125,  129,  137,  151,  182 
moinensis 126,  129, 

136,  142,  181 
ovalis  __  125,  129,  136,  137,  181 

pellucida 151 

quadrate 124,  125,  129, 

137,  145,  182 
scotti—  124,  125,  129,  136,  140, 

142,  143,  145,  146,  181 

species 129,  152,  181 

species 125,  129,  153,  183 

spinulosa 124,  125,  129, 

136,  143,  182 

stimpsoni 148 

stridens 125,  129, 

137,  151,  182 
tenuis__  126,  129,  136,  144,  181 

toulai 124,  129,  137,  146 

vaughani 125,  126,  129. 

137,  148,  183 

Callianassidae 136 

Callinectes 163, 166, 169 

bocourti 160 

declivis 127,  130. 

162,  164,  183 

exasperatus 166 

reticulatus 125,  130, 

163,  164,  183 

sapidus 163 

species 125,  130,  164,  183 

toxotes 165 

callinectias,  Euphylax 127,  130, 

.  165,  167,  183 

Cancer  (Astecus)    jamaicensis 131 

bahamensis 153 

Sammeus 157 

gallus 156 

Cancridae 123 

Cardisoma 123 

guanhumi 127, 130. 177, 183 

Carpilius 171 

corallinus 171 

species 125,  130,  177.  181 


II 


INDEX. 


Page. 

ehilensis,   Panopeus 174 

chiliensis,   Hepatus 128, 129, 155, 183 

concavus    rariseptatus,    Balanus 126,  129 

corallinus,    Carpilius 171 

costaricana,  Calappa 127, 130,  156, 180 

costatus,    Nephrops-  128, 129, 132, 133, 180 
crassa,  Callianassa  _  126, 129, 137, 152, 182 

crassimana,  Callianassa 125, 

129, 137, 141, 182 

crcnulatum,   Eurytium 128, 130, 174, 183 

culebrensis,    Euryplax—  125, 130, 174, 184 

Decapoda 131 

declivis,  Calllnectes.  127, 130, 162,  164, 183 

dovii,  Euphylax 166 

Dromiacea 154 

Dromiidae 154 

eburneus,   Balanus 127, 128, 129 

ecristata,  Mursllia 126, 130, 160, 180 

elongata,  Callianassa 125, 

129, 136,  139, 146, 181 

Kuctenota  mexlcana 165 

Kuphylax 123, 166, 167 

calllnectias 127, 

130, 165,  167, 183 

dovil 166 

fortis 127, 130, 167, 183 

Euryplax 123 

culebrensis 125, 130,  174,  184 

nitida 175 

polita 175 

Eurytium 123, 174 

afflne 174 

crenulatum 128, 130,  174.  183 

tristani 1 174 

exasperatus,  Callinectes 166 

oxcavata,  Parthenope 179 

excavatus,  Lambrus 179 

flammea,   Calappa 128, 130, 157, 182 

flammeus,  Cancer 157 

fortis,   Euphylax 127,  130, 167, 183 

Galatheidea 134 

galathina,  Porcellana 135 

galathinus,    Petrolisthes 135 

gallus,  Calappa , 156 

Cancer 156 

Gatunia 130, 168 

proavita 126, 

130, 168, 179, 180,  181 

Gatuniidae 168 

Gecarcinidae 177 

Gelasimus   macrodactylus 177 

glyptopoma,  Balanus 127, 129 

Goneplacidae 123,  174 

Goniochele 154 

angulata 155 

armata 125,  129,  154,  180 

granulatus,    Petrochirus 153 

grossimanus,  Pachycheles 134 

guanhumi,    Cardisoma 127,  130,  177.  183 

Flepatus 123 

chiliensis 128,  129,  155,  183 

species 125,  155,  184 

Hesperibalanus,     species 124,  125.  129 


Page. 

Heteractaea 123 

lunata 127, 130, 171, 183 

Hexaplax 175 

Hexapodinae  123, 175 

Hexapus 175 

hilli,  Callianassa—  126,  129,  137,  148,  181 

Hoinai-idae 132 

injudicata,  Lepas 126, 129 

jamaicense,  Macrobrachium 131 

jamaicensis,  Cancer  (Astacus) 131 

jurinei,    Leucosilia 128, 130, 161 

lacunosa,  Callianassa 124 

129, 136,  138,  181 

Lambdophallus   175 

Iiambrus  excavatus   179 

latus,   Pachycheles 127, 129, 134,  180 

Lepas  injudicata 126, 129 

Leucosiidae    161 

genus  and  species  inde- 
terminable       128, 

130, 162, 181 

Leucosilia 123 

bananensis  ___   127, 130, 161, 180 

jurinei    128, 130,  161 

lunata,    Heteractaea 127, 130, 171,183 

lunatus,   Pilumnus 171 

raacdonaldi,  Mursia 126, 130,  158, 181 

Macrobrachium 131 

acanthurus    p  a  n  a  - 

mense 131 

jamaicense 131 

mexicanumi 131 

species—  126, 129,  130, 180 
species-  128,  129,  132,  180 

macrodactylus,  Gelasimus 177 

Uca 128, 130, 177,  183 

magna,  Callianassa-  125,  129-,  137,  151,  182 

Malacostraca 131 

mexicana,  Euctenota 165 

nioxicanum,  Macrobrachium 131 

mexicanus,  Arenaeus 165 

Palaemon 131 

michelini.    Scylla 171 

moinensis,  Callianassa 126,  129, 

136,  142, 181 

Mursia 123, 160 

armata 159 

macdonaldi 126,  130, 158, 181 

obscura 124, 130,159, 182 

Mursilia 160 

eeristata 126, 130, 160,  180 

Natantia 131 

family,    genus,    and    species 

indeterminable 129, 131, 180 

Nephrops 133 

costatus 128, 129, 132, 180 

species 128,  129,  133,  180 

Neptunus 163 

nitida,   Euryplax 175 

obscura.   Mursia 124,130,159,182 

Ocypodidao 177 

ovalis,   Callianassa__ 125, 129, 

136, 137, 181 
Oxyrhyncha 178 


INDEX. 


Ill 


Page. 

Oxystomata 155 

Pachycheles 123 

grossimanus 134 

latus 127,  129, 134, 180 

Paeduma 175 

Paguridae 153 

Palaemon  mexicanus 131 

Palaemonidae 131 

panamense,     Macrobrachium     acan- 

thurus 131 

panamensis,  Parthenope-  126, 130, 178, 184 

Panopeus  173,174 

affinis 174 

antepurpureus 128, 130, 

172, 180,  181 

chilensis 174 

purpureus 172 

species 125, 130, 173,184 

trldentatus  ___    128, 130, 172, 181 

Parthonope  excavata 179 

panamensis.    126, 130, 178, 184 

pleistocenica 128, 130, 

179, 182 

Parthenopidae 178 

Pecten 124,141 

pellucida,   Callianassa 151 

Persephona 162 

Petrochirus 124 

babamensis 153 

bonvieri 129, 153 

californienais 153 

granulatus 153 

Petrolisthes 123 

armatus 135 

avltus 127, 129, 134,180 

galathinus 186 

Pilumnus  lunatus 171 

pleistoccnica,  Parthenope 128, 

130, 179, 182 

polita.    Euryplax 175 

Porcellana  arniata 135 

galatbina 135 


Pagt. 

Porcellanidae 134 

Portunidae 123, 162 

Portunus    , 163 

sangainolentus 163 

prima,  Tbaumastoplax 125, 130, 175, 184 

Prionoplaclnae    174 

proavita,  Gatunia 126, 

130. 168, 179, 180, 181 

purpureus,  Panopeus 172 

quadrata,  Callianassa 124 

125. 129, 137, 145, 182 
quadrispina,  Calappella__  125, 130, 157, 180 

rariseptatus,    Balanus    concavus 126, 129 

Beptantia 132 

reticulatus,  Axius 125, 129, 135, 180 

Callinectes 125, 

130,  163, 164, 183 

sanguinolentus,  Portunus 163 

sapidus,  Callinectes 163 

scotti,  Callianassa 124,  125, 129, 

136,  140,  142,  143,  145,  146,  181 

Scylla 167, 168, 169, 170 

michelini 171 

spinulosa,  Callianassa 124, 

125, 129, 136, 143,  182 

stlmpsoni,  Callianassa 148 

stridens,    Callianassa    125, 

129, 137, 151, 182 
tenuis,   Callianassa  _  126, 129, 136, 144, 181 

Thalassinidea 135 

Thanmastoplax 175 

prima   _.  125, 130, 175, 184 

toulal,    Callianassa 124, 129, 137, 146 

toxotes,  Callinectes 165 

trldentatus,  Panopeus-.,,.  128, 130, 172, 181 

tristani,  Eurytium 174 

Uca  macrodactylus 128, 130, 177, 183 

vaugnani,  Callianassa 125, 

126,129,137,148,183 

Xanthidae    171 

zurcheri,  Calappa 124,130,157 


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